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PIMS path 2 > week 2; diseases of heart and blood muscles > Flashcards

week 2; diseases of heart and blood muscles Flashcards

1
Q

predisposing factors of heart disease (5) +4

A
  1. heredity
  2. obsesity
  3. diabetes
  4. elevated cholesterol
  5. social factors
    - 1. smoking 2. substance abuse 3. diet 4. stress
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2
Q

the condition of the heart being enlarged due to stretching as a result of a disease
-causes valves to not close sufficiently which creates backflow

-heart enlargement due to stretching of heart muscle**

A

dilation (dilatation)

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3
Q

enlargement of an organ or structure due to the increase of the size of the cells composing it

-heart enlargement due to more muscle **

A

hypertrophy

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4
Q

occurs when a coronary artery (one of the arteries that supplies blood to the heart muscle) suddenly becomes blocked.
-sudden blockage robs a portion of the heart muscle of its vital blood supply and the muscle dies

A

myocardial infarction

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5
Q

the pain associated with a heart attack.
-this pain is not a sharp stabbing pain but a chronic pain

-symptoms ; crushing pressure behind breastbone, chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen, shoulder or left arm, nausea, vomiting, difficulty by breathing

A

angina

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6
Q
  • inflammation of the pericardium
  • two thin layers of a sac-like tissue that surround the heart, hold it in place and help it work.
  • a small amount of fluid keeps the layers separate so that there’s no friction between them.
  • fluid accumulation is usually caused by infection or trauma if excess fluid accumulates between the linings it may result in a condition known as cardiac tamponade
A

pericarditis

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7
Q

the decreased flow of blood due to the compression of the heart due to pericarditis fluid buildup

-when the heart is compressed within the pericardium and unable to expand fully

A

cardiac tamponade

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8
Q

inflammation of the endocardium of the heart (may include valves and cardiac septum) that occurs when blood clots damage the surface of the lining of the heart
-can be exacerbated by bacteria formation which damages the valves (common in IV drug users)

A

endocarditis

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9
Q

epi -

endogenous -

A

upon

within

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10
Q

disease of the heart muscle attributed to various causes

A

cardiomyopathy

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11
Q

excessive alcohol consumption

A

alcoholic cardiomyopathy

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12
Q

enlarged septum

  • becomes abnormally thick
  • in heart
A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

parasitic organisms

A

parasitic cardiomyopathy

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14
Q
  • inflammation of the heart muscles (myocardium)
  • can affect your heart muscle and your hearts electrical system, reducing your hearts ability to pump and causing rapid or abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
A

myocarditis

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15
Q
  • heart failure that occurs suddenly and sometimes without warning.
  • heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to serve the body’s need
A

acute heart failure

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16
Q

develops slowly, while acute occurs suddenly

-heart failure

A

chronic heart failure

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17
Q
  • a complication of rheumatic fever in which the heart valves are damaged.
  • an inflammatory disease that begins with strep throat
  • it can affect connective tissue throughout the body, especially in the heart, joints, brain and skin
A

rheumatic heart disease

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18
Q

-left ventricle hypertrophy combined with high blood pressure (hypertension) which reduces the overall cardiac output of blood

A

hypertensive heart disease

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19
Q
  • also known as ischemic heart disease
  • most common death in US
  • characterized by the narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis
  • 3 changes that can contribute to the severity 1. acute plaque changes, 2. blood clots and 3. spasms of the coronary artery
A

coronary artery disease

20
Q

-a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls

A

atherosclerosis

21
Q

the formation and presence of an attached blood clot

A

thrombosis

22
Q

the sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris

A

embolism

23
Q

a temporary tightening (constriction) of the muscles in the wall of one of the arteries that sends blood to your heart.
-if a spasm lasts long enough, you can have angina and even a myocardial infarction

A

spasm

24
Q

-inflammation of the heart

also includes
endocarditis
myocarditis
pericarditis

A

carditis

25
Q

-the tissues forming the valve leaflets become stiffer, narrowing the valve opening and reducing the amount of blood that can flow through it

A

valvular stenosis

26
Q

-blood flows back through the valve as the leaflets are closing or blood leaks through the leaflets when they should be completely closed

A

valvular regurgitation (prolapse)

27
Q

a hole in the septum of the heart causing blood to bypass the right ventricle

  • therefore not enough blood reaches the lungs causing cyanosis
  • commonly known as blue baby
A

atrial septal defect

28
Q

inflammation of your arteries that damages your blood vessel walls and reduces blood flow to your organs

A

arteritis

29
Q

a disease of the arteries resulting thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

A

arteriosclerosis

30
Q

a form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls

A

atherosclerosis

31
Q

a local dilation of a blood vessel

-abnormal enlargement or bulging of an artery caused by damage to or weakness in the blood vessel wall

A

aneurysm

32
Q

latin word for artery and hardening

A
  • arterio

- sclerosis

33
Q

olo meaning

A

small arterioles

34
Q

athero meaning

A

hardening from plaque

35
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

36
Q

due to one or more blood clots in a vein that causes inflammation

A

thrombophlebitis

37
Q

depicted as twisted and enlarged veins

A

varicose veins

38
Q

individuals with left sided heart failure commonly experience shortness of breath

-decreased left sided cardiac output eventually results in less blood entering kidneys

A

dyspnea

39
Q

quivering or spontaneous contraction of the individual cardiac cells

A

fibrillation

40
Q

the loss of the normal beating rhythm of the heart

A

arrhythmia

41
Q

an increase in the size of the heart or an increase in the size of part of the heart due to an increase in the size of the muscle fibers

A

cardiachypertrophy

42
Q

high blood pressure based on three readings spread out over several weeks in which blood pressure is higher than 140mm of mercury systolic or 90mm of mercury diastolic

A

hypertension

43
Q

Itis - medical term

A

Inflammation

44
Q

Infarction -med term

A

Obstruction of blood supply to organ or region of tissue

45
Q

Myo med term

A

Muscle

46
Q

Thromb med term

A

Indicating a blood clot

47
Q

Stenosis med term

A

Narrowing

PIMS path 2 (8 decks)

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