week 2; diseases of heart and blood muscles

Question 1

predisposing factors of heart disease (5) +4

Answer 1

1. heredity
2. obsesity
3. diabetes
4. elevated cholesterol
5. social factors
   - 1. smoking 2. substance abuse 3. diet 4. stress

Question 2

the condition of the heart being enlarged due to stretching as a result of a disease
-causes valves to not close sufficiently which creates backflow

-heart enlargement due to stretching of heart muscle**

Answer 2

dilation (dilatation)

Question 3

enlargement of an organ or structure due to the increase of the size of the cells composing it

-heart enlargement due to more muscle **

Answer 3

hypertrophy

Question 4

occurs when a coronary artery (one of the arteries that supplies blood to the heart muscle) suddenly becomes blocked.
-sudden blockage robs a portion of the heart muscle of its vital blood supply and the muscle dies

Answer 4

myocardial infarction

Question 5

the pain associated with a heart attack.
-this pain is not a sharp stabbing pain but a chronic pain

-symptoms ; crushing pressure behind breastbone, chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen, shoulder or left arm, nausea, vomiting, difficulty by breathing

Answer 5

angina

Question 6

• inflammation of the pericardium
• two thin layers of a sac-like tissue that surround the heart, hold it in place and help it work.
• a small amount of fluid keeps the layers separate so that there’s no friction between them.
• fluid accumulation is usually caused by infection or trauma if excess fluid accumulates between the linings it may result in a condition known as cardiac tamponade

Answer 6

pericarditis

Question 7

the decreased flow of blood due to the compression of the heart due to pericarditis fluid buildup

-when the heart is compressed within the pericardium and unable to expand fully

Answer 7

cardiac tamponade

Question 8

inflammation of the endocardium of the heart (may include valves and cardiac septum) that occurs when blood clots damage the surface of the lining of the heart
-can be exacerbated by bacteria formation which damages the valves (common in IV drug users)

Answer 8

endocarditis

Question 9

epi -

endogenous -

Answer 9

upon

within

Question 10

disease of the heart muscle attributed to various causes

Answer 10

cardiomyopathy

Question 11

excessive alcohol consumption

Answer 11

alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Question 12

enlarged septum

• becomes abnormally thick
• in heart

Answer 12

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 13

parasitic organisms

Answer 13

parasitic cardiomyopathy

Question 14

• inflammation of the heart muscles (myocardium)
• can affect your heart muscle and your hearts electrical system, reducing your hearts ability to pump and causing rapid or abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

Answer 14

myocarditis

Question 15

• heart failure that occurs suddenly and sometimes without warning.
• heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to serve the body’s need

Answer 15

acute heart failure

Question 16

develops slowly, while acute occurs suddenly

-heart failure

Answer 16

chronic heart failure

Question 17

• a complication of rheumatic fever in which the heart valves are damaged.
• an inflammatory disease that begins with strep throat
• it can affect connective tissue throughout the body, especially in the heart, joints, brain and skin

Answer 17

rheumatic heart disease

Question 18

-left ventricle hypertrophy combined with high blood pressure (hypertension) which reduces the overall cardiac output of blood

Answer 18

hypertensive heart disease

Question 19

• also known as ischemic heart disease
• most common death in US
• characterized by the narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis
• 3 changes that can contribute to the severity 1. acute plaque changes, 2. blood clots and 3. spasms of the coronary artery

Answer 19

coronary artery disease

Question 20

-a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls

Answer 20

atherosclerosis

Question 21

the formation and presence of an attached blood clot

Answer 21

thrombosis

Question 22

the sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris

Answer 22

embolism

Question 23

a temporary tightening (constriction) of the muscles in the wall of one of the arteries that sends blood to your heart.
-if a spasm lasts long enough, you can have angina and even a myocardial infarction

Answer 23

spasm

Question 24

-inflammation of the heart

also includes
endocarditis
myocarditis
pericarditis

Answer 24

carditis

Question 25

-the tissues forming the valve leaflets become stiffer, narrowing the valve opening and reducing the amount of blood that can flow through it

Answer 25

valvular stenosis

Question 26

-blood flows back through the valve as the leaflets are closing or blood leaks through the leaflets when they should be completely closed

Answer 26

valvular regurgitation (prolapse)

Question 27

a hole in the septum of the heart causing blood to bypass the right ventricle - therefore not enough blood reaches the lungs causing cyanosis - commonly known as blue baby

Answer 27

atrial septal defect

Question 28

inflammation of your arteries that damages your blood vessel walls and reduces blood flow to your organs

Answer 28

arteritis

Question 29

a disease of the arteries resulting thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

Answer 29

arteriosclerosis

Question 30

a form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls

Answer 30

atherosclerosis

Question 31

a local dilation of a blood vessel -abnormal enlargement or bulging of an artery caused by damage to or weakness in the blood vessel wall

Answer 31

aneurysm

Question 32

latin word for artery and hardening

Answer 32

- arterio | - sclerosis

Question 33

olo meaning

Answer 33

small arterioles

Question 34

athero meaning

Answer 34

hardening from plaque

Question 35

inflammation of a vein

Answer 35

phlebitis

Question 36

due to one or more blood clots in a vein that causes inflammation

Answer 36

thrombophlebitis

Question 37

depicted as twisted and enlarged veins

Answer 37

varicose veins

Question 38

individuals with left sided heart failure commonly experience shortness of breath -decreased left sided cardiac output eventually results in less blood entering kidneys

Answer 38

dyspnea

Question 39

quivering or spontaneous contraction of the individual cardiac cells

Answer 39

fibrillation

Question 40

the loss of the normal beating rhythm of the heart

Answer 40

arrhythmia

Question 41

an increase in the size of the heart or an increase in the size of part of the heart due to an increase in the size of the muscle fibers

Answer 41

cardiachypertrophy

Question 42

high blood pressure based on three readings spread out over several weeks in which blood pressure is higher than 140mm of mercury systolic or 90mm of mercury diastolic

Answer 42

hypertension

Question 43

Itis - medical term

Answer 43

Inflammation

Question 44

Infarction -med term

Answer 44

Obstruction of blood supply to organ or region of tissue

Question 45

Myo med term

Answer 45

Muscle

Question 46

Thromb med term

Answer 46

Indicating a blood clot

Question 47

Stenosis med term

Answer 47

Narrowing