Week 3 Dairy Cattle Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is A.I.?
Artificial insemination
Breeding
- mating cow with bull or insemination
Colostrum
The first milk produced after parturition, very rich antibodies
Drying off
Period of time that one stops milking the cow until she freshens (60 days)
needed for increasing body cow body weight, gestation, and udder healing
Estrus (heat)
Period of time in which cow is receptive to the bull
Freshen
Calving and starting milk production
Gestation
Time from conception to calving or freshening (time of fetal development)
Lactation
Process of milk production
Negative energy balance
Period of time that a cow is expending more energy producing milk than the energy provided by her feed intake
Peak of lactation
Period of time a cow produces the greatest quantity of milk (40-80 days post partum)
Why is AI used?
1.dairy bulls are aggressive
2. Expedite genetic program
3. Increased management required for dairying, easy to implement
How much is a gallon of milk?
8.6 lbs
What is the DHIA
- started in 1926
- most extensive record system
- evaluates milk yield, fat yield, income over feed cost, reproductive information, herd summary
Bovine Somatotropin (BST)
- growth hormone, administered to increase milk yield
- increase yield ranges from 6.8 lbs to 19.6 lbs
- increase milk production
- increased persistency
Birth to weaning
- calves taken a few hours after calving and fed colostrum
Weaning
- ear tagging, dehorning, and shots administering
What are the diseases in bovine?
- Mastitis
- Ketosis
- Milk Fever
- Calf Scours
- Ammonia
Mastitis
- inflammation of the udder
- caused by bacteria infection
- number one money loser
Ketosis
- weakening in metabolism of carbohydrates and volatile fatty acids
- leads to low blood sugar
- reduction in milk yield, feed intake, body weight, sweetish odor on breath
Milk Fever
- known as parturient paresis, occurs near time of calving
- low blood calcium, muscle weakness
- rare in 1st calf heifers, uncommon in 2nd calf animals
- occurrence increases with age
- jersey are more susceptible
Calf Scours
- causes are pathogenic bacteria E. coli k99
- several viruses and stress
- symptoms are diarrhea and weakness, dehydration, and rough hair coat
- prevention includes dry, clean, calving areas and good colostrum
Pneumonia
- respiratory disease that occurs when other diseases, parasites, poor nutrition,or severe weather stresses the calf
- antibiotics can be effective if detected early
What are the five major traits used for judging?
- Frame 15%
- Dairy Character 20%
- Body Capacity 10%
- Feet and Legs 15%
- Udder 40%
What is frame?
Rump: long, wide throughout pin bones, slightly lower than pin bones
Stature: height, length of leg bones
Front end: adequate constitution with front legs straight, wide part and squarely placed
Back: Straight and Strong
Breed Characteristics: Overall style and balance