Week 3: CVA (cerebrovascular incident; stroke) risk factors, ischemic & Hemorrhagic, prevention, treatment

Question 1

what is CVA or Stroke

Answer 1

infarction of brain tissue that results from lack of blood

Question 2

how many mins of ischemia causes irreversible nerve cell damage

Answer 2

5 mins

Question 3

what are the types of ischemic strokes

Answer 3

thrombosis
embolism
hypoperfusion

Question 4

what are the types of hemorrhagic strokes

Answer 4

intracerebral
subarachnoid

Question 5

whats a thrombotic stroke

Answer 5

its a stroke caused by occlusion (atheroma) often in large arteries

Question 6

whats embolus stroke

Answer 6

sudden obstruction
lodges in cerebral artery

Question 7

what is collateral circulation

Answer 7

gradual obstruction of the capillaries from nearby arteries

which tend to enlarge or extend into adjacent tissue to form another channel for blood flow

Question 8

what are common signs and symptoms of a stroke

Answer 8

-face may droop to one side
-unable to raise arm on one side
-confusion/trouble understanding what others are saying
-slurred speech (aphasia)
-trouble seeing (one or both eyes)

Question 9

what is the brain stem

Answer 9

• uncommon but often fatal
• causes problems with breathing, heart function, balance and coordination, chewing, swallowing, speaking, and seeing
• weakness and paralysis on both sides of body

Question 10

What is the cerebellum

Answer 10

• less common than in the cerebrum
• can cause server effects
• problems with balance and coordination, dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting

Question 11

left hemisphere of the cerebrum

Answer 11

• weakness or paralysis on right side of body
• cognitive problems; reading, talking, thinking, learning and remembering new information

Question 12

right hemisphere cerebrum

Answer 12

• problems with vision, depth perception, short-term memory loss, judgement, and weakness/paralysis on left side
• tendency to ignore things on left side (including arm and leg)

Question 13

anosognosia

Answer 13

• incorrect perception of self and illness, secondary of parietal lobs
• erroneous perception of self in space, may neglect all input from the affected side

Question 14

homonymous hemianopia

Answer 14

blindness in the same half of visual fields of both eyes

Question 15

agnosia

Answer 15

inability to recognize an object by sight touch or hearing

Question 16

apraxia

Answer 16

inability to carry out learned sequential movements on command

Question 17

transient ischemic attacks (TIA)

Answer 17

• may occur singly or in a series
• result from temporary localized reduction of blood flow to brain

Question 18

hemorrhagic CVAs (stroke)

Answer 18

• caused by rupture of a cerebral artery in a patient with severe hypertension and aneurysm
• 50% mortality rate
• ++++ disability (morbidity)
• usually abrupt onset

Question 19

what are the effects of a hemorrhagic CVA apparent

Answer 19

both hemispheres

Question 20

what are hemorrhagic CVAs complicated by

Answer 20

secondary effects of bleeding

Question 21

intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 21

bleeding in the brain
10% of all strokes

Question 22

whats a subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 22

bleeding into the CSF between arachnoid and pia mater membranes on the surface of the brain

Question 23

whats the difference btwn ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 23

ischemic caused by blood clot which prevents blood from flowing

hemorrhagic caused by ruptured vessel which causes blood to pool and damage tissues (causing inflammatory response)

Question 24

what are the signs and symptoms of a CVA

Answer 24

severe and sudden thunderclap headache
vomiting
nuchal rigidity
stupor, coma, seizures

Question 25

what are the main risk factors for CVA

Answer 25

diabetes
HTN
atherosclerosis
history of TIAs
heart disease
congenital malformation of blood vessels

Question 26

treatment of strokes

Answer 26

• clot busting agents (Altepase)
• thrombectomy/embolectomy
• surgical intervention
• glucocorticoids
• supportive treatment
• OT and PT, speech-language pathologists
• treat underlying problem
• rehabilitation begins immediately

Question 27

what are ways to prevent strokes

Answer 27

stop smoking
lose weight and be active
control diabetes
HTN, dyslipidemia, Afib
modify alcohol use