Week 3: CVA (cerebrovascular incident; stroke) risk factors, ischemic & Hemorrhagic, prevention, treatment Flashcards
what is CVA or Stroke
infarction of brain tissue that results from lack of blood
how many mins of ischemia causes irreversible nerve cell damage
5 mins
what are the types of ischemic strokes
thrombosis
embolism
hypoperfusion
what are the types of hemorrhagic strokes
intracerebral
subarachnoid
whats a thrombotic stroke
its a stroke caused by occlusion (atheroma) often in large arteries
whats embolus stroke
sudden obstruction
lodges in cerebral artery
what is collateral circulation
gradual obstruction of the capillaries from nearby arteries
which tend to enlarge or extend into adjacent tissue to form another channel for blood flow
what are common signs and symptoms of a stroke
-face may droop to one side
-unable to raise arm on one side
-confusion/trouble understanding what others are saying
-slurred speech (aphasia)
-trouble seeing (one or both eyes)
what is the brain stem
- uncommon but often fatal
- causes problems with breathing, heart function, balance and coordination, chewing, swallowing, speaking, and seeing
- weakness and paralysis on both sides of body
What is the cerebellum
- less common than in the cerebrum
- can cause server effects
- problems with balance and coordination, dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting
left hemisphere of the cerebrum
- weakness or paralysis on right side of body
- cognitive problems; reading, talking, thinking, learning and remembering new information
right hemisphere cerebrum
- problems with vision, depth perception, short-term memory loss, judgement, and weakness/paralysis on left side
- tendency to ignore things on left side (including arm and leg)
anosognosia
- incorrect perception of self and illness, secondary of parietal lobs
- erroneous perception of self in space, may neglect all input from the affected side
homonymous hemianopia
blindness in the same half of visual fields of both eyes
agnosia
inability to recognize an object by sight touch or hearing
apraxia
inability to carry out learned sequential movements on command
transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
- may occur singly or in a series
- result from temporary localized reduction of blood flow to brain
hemorrhagic CVAs (stroke)
- caused by rupture of a cerebral artery in a patient with severe hypertension and aneurysm
- 50% mortality rate
- ++++ disability (morbidity)
- usually abrupt onset
what are the effects of a hemorrhagic CVA apparent
both hemispheres
what are hemorrhagic CVAs complicated by
secondary effects of bleeding
intracerebral hemorrhage
bleeding in the brain
10% of all strokes
whats a subarachnoid hemorrhage
bleeding into the CSF between arachnoid and pia mater membranes on the surface of the brain
whats the difference btwn ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
ischemic caused by blood clot which prevents blood from flowing
hemorrhagic caused by ruptured vessel which causes blood to pool and damage tissues (causing inflammatory response)
what are the signs and symptoms of a CVA
severe and sudden thunderclap headache
vomiting
nuchal rigidity
stupor, coma, seizures
