Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 2750 Health and Healing > Week 2: Pain > Flashcards

Week 2: Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain

A

-unpleasant sensation
-discomfort caused by stim.of pain receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what causes pain

A

-Inflammation
- Infection
- Ischemia and tissue necrosis
- Stretching of tissue
- Stretching of tendons, ligaments, joint capsule
- Chemicals
- Burns
- Muscle spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is somatic pain

A

from the skin (cutaneous)
bone muscle
conducted by sensory fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is visceral pain

A

originates in organs
conducted by sympathetic fibres
may be acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are sensory dimensions

A

the perception of pain by the individ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do sensory dimensions include

A

location
intensity
pattern
quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pain threshold

A

point at which stimulus is perceived as pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whats a pain tolerance

A

max intensity or duration of pain that a person can endure before acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

whats an autonomic pain response

A

protecting an individual

ex. moving hand from a hot stove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

whats a behavioural pain resposne

A

learned behav as a method to coping with the pain

ex. rubbing a sore leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is hyperalgesia

A

-increased sensit to pain
-result of damage to nociceptors or peripheral nerves

ex. shingles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 4 major processes of nociception

A

transduction
transmission
perception
modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is transduction

A

conversion of a
- mechical
- thermal
- chemical stimulus
- neuronal ap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mechanical stimulus

A

trauma
surgery
muscle spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thermal stimulus

A

extreme heat or cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chemical stimulus

A

lactic acid
bradykinins
enzymes

17
Q

where does tranduction occur

A

free nerve endings of nociceptors

18
Q

what occurs once free nerve endings are stimulated (transduction)

A

noxious stimuli results in release of chemicals around peripheral afferent nociceptor

19
Q

what chemicals are released once free nerve endings are stimulated

A

bradykinin
serotonin
histamine
acetylcholine
substance p

20
Q

what occurs when a stimulus causes released chemicals to excite the peripheral afferent nociceptor

A

ap fires

21
Q

what is an ap necessary for

A

convert pain stimulus to an impulse and move it from the periphery to the spinal cord

22
Q

what is transmission

A

movement of pain impulses from the site of the transduction to the brain

23
Q

what are 2 main types of peripheral nerve fibres

A

a fibers (beta and delta)
c fibers

24
Q

A fibers

A

small
myelinated
transmit signals fast
produce sharp localized pain

25
Q

C fibers

A

large
unmyelinated
transmit signals slowly
produce dull achy pain in deeper structures

26
Q

what does dorsal horn processing include

A

release of nt (substance p) which may either excite or inhibit the cell

27
Q

what happens when the pain reaches the somatosensory area in the cerebral cortex

A

perception and localization of sensation

28
Q

what happens when pain reaches the hypothalamus and limbic system

A

emotional factors

29
Q

what occurs within the reticular activating system

A

reticular formation in the pons and medulla
awareness of incoming brain stimuli

30
Q

what do cortical structures provide

A

meaning of pain

31
Q

what is the perception of pain

A

occurs wehn pains recognized
concious awareness of pain
subjective interpretation

32
Q

what are effective non medical pain reducing interventions

A

music
distraction
relaxation
imagery

33
Q

what are pathways that integrate nervous system impulses

A

modulation

34
Q

what does modulation involve

A

activation of descending pathways that exert inhibitory or excitatory effects on pain transmission that will suppress or facilitate pain

35
Q

where does modulation occur

A

periphery
spinal cord
brain stem
cerebral cortex

36
Q

what may be released that inhibits pain transmission

A

serotonin
NE
endogenous opiods

NURS 2750 Health and Healing (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions