Week 1: Fluids & Fluid movement

Question 1

What is the major component of the body

Answer 1

water

Question 2

what is water essential for

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

what is water a place for

Answer 3

metabolic rxns

Question 4

what does water do for the body

Answer 4

transportation system
facilitates movements of body parts

Question 5

whats ICF

Answer 5

intracellular compartment fluid inside cells

Question 6

whats ECF

Answer 6

extracellular compartment
- intravascular IVF (vessels, veins, part of blood)
- Interstitial ISF (in cells)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF in nervous system)
- Transcellular Fluids (secretions sweat, nasal, gastric)

Question 7

What is the general rule for water movement

Answer 7

amt water entering body should equal water leaving

Question 8

fluid intake

Answer 8

ingestion of solid food or fluids

Question 9

fluid loss

Answer 9

urine
feces
perspiration
exhaled air

Question 10

what forces control water and solute movement

Answer 10

hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure

Question 11

what are the processes of water and solutes movement through a semi permeable membrane

Answer 11

filtration
diffusion
osmosis
active transport

Question 12

filtration

Answer 12

in capillary arteriole
movement of water and solutes from blood
(high pressure) to ISF (low pressure)

Question 13

diffusion

Answer 13

movement of solutes (Na+/glucose) from high to low conc at capillary level

Question 14

osmosis

Answer 14

movement of h2o from low solute conc to high conc at venule side (ISF to blood)

Question 15

active transport

Answer 15

movement of solute using carrier and atp from low to high conc (ISF to cell)

Question 16

thirst

Answer 16

controlled by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus

Question 17

ADH antidiuretic hormone

Answer 17

reabsorption of water from kidney tubules
occurs at loop henle

Question 18

ANP atrial natriuretic peptide and T- type natriuretic peptide

Answer 18

synthesized by myocardial cells
regulation of fluid, sodium, K+`

Question 19

Aldosterone

Answer 19

reabsorption of sodium and water
occurs at dct

Question 19

Edema

Answer 19

excessive amount of fluid lodged in ISF compartment
- causes swelling/ enlargement of tissue
- localized or throughout body
- can impair tissue perfusion prevent blood flow
- trap drugs in ISF seeps in

Question 20

what causes edema

Answer 20

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
loss plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic circulation
increased capillary permeability

Question 21

what causes capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 21

higher bp or increased blood volume

forces increased fluid out of capillaries into tissue
causes pulmonary edema

Question 22

what causes loss of plasma protein

Answer 22

loss of albumin in kidney
decreased plasma osmotic pressure

Question 23

what does obstructed lymphatic circulation cause

Answer 23

localized edema
excessive fluid and protein not returned to circulation

Question 24

increased capillary permeability

Answer 24

causes localized edema result from inflammatory response infection or burn

Question 25

what are the effects of edema

Answer 25

local- swelling - pale and red in colour pitting edema - excess in ISF - moves when pressures applied but depresses wehn finger is removed increase in body weight with generalized edema

Question 26

what is functional impairment caused by edema

Answer 26

restricts range of joint movement reduced vital capacity impaired diastole impacts HR

Question 27

pain caused by edema

Answer 27

local- exerts pressure on nerves cerebral- headache inflammation in brain organs- stretching of capsule (kidneys liver)

Question 28

what is ischemia leading to tissue breakdown caused by im

Answer 28

impaired arterial circulation from edema

Question 29

dental complications caused by edema

Answer 29

in gums- difficult to take accurate impressions dentures dont fit well

Question 30

edema in skin

Answer 30

susceptible to tissue breakdown from pressure fluid accumulate under skin

Question 31

Dehydration - Fluid deficit

Answer 31

insufficient body fluid - inadequate intake -excessive loss (diarrhea vomiting) - both more serious in infants and older adults

Question 32

how is fluid loss measured

Answer 32

change in body weight

Question 33

what is water loss accompanied by

Answer 33

loss of electrolytes and proteins

Question 34

what causes dehydration

Answer 34

vomiting and diarhhea excessive sweating loss of na and water insufficient water intake for older adults and unconcious use of concentrated formula in infants diabetic ketoacidosis- loss of fluid, electrolytes and glucose in urine

Question 35

what are the effects of dehydration

Answer 35

dry mucous membranes in mouth decrease skin turgor/ elasticity lower bp, pulse, fatigue increased hematocrit decreased mental function confusion or loss conciousness

Question 36

hematocrit

Answer 36

% of RBC in volume of blood

Question 37

what is the relationship between fluid and RBC

Answer 37

inverse

Question 38

what are the bodys attempts to compensate for fluid loss

Answer 38

increase thirst increase HR constrict cutaneous Blood vessels produce less urine higher conc of urine