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NURS 2750 Health and Healing > Week 1: Fluids & Fluid movement > Flashcards

Week 1: Fluids & Fluid movement Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major component of the body

A

water

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2
Q

what is water essential for

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

what is water a place for

A

metabolic rxns

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4
Q

what does water do for the body

A

transportation system
facilitates movements of body parts

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5
Q

whats ICF

A

intracellular compartment fluid inside cells

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6
Q

whats ECF

A

extracellular compartment
- intravascular IVF (vessels, veins, part of blood)
- Interstitial ISF (in cells)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF in nervous system)
- Transcellular Fluids (secretions sweat, nasal, gastric)

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7
Q

What is the general rule for water movement

A

amt water entering body should equal water leaving

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8
Q

fluid intake

A

ingestion of solid food or fluids

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9
Q

fluid loss

A

urine
feces
perspiration
exhaled air

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10
Q

what forces control water and solute movement

A

hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure

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11
Q

what are the processes of water and solutes movement through a semi permeable membrane

A

filtration
diffusion
osmosis
active transport

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12
Q

filtration

A

in capillary arteriole
movement of water and solutes from blood
(high pressure) to ISF (low pressure)

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13
Q

diffusion

A

movement of solutes (Na+/glucose) from high to low conc at capillary level

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14
Q

osmosis

A

movement of h2o from low solute conc to high conc at venule side (ISF to blood)

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15
Q

active transport

A

movement of solute using carrier and atp from low to high conc (ISF to cell)

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16
Q

thirst

A

controlled by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus

17
Q

ADH antidiuretic hormone

A

reabsorption of water from kidney tubules
occurs at loop henle

18
Q

ANP atrial natriuretic peptide and T- type natriuretic peptide

A

synthesized by myocardial cells
regulation of fluid, sodium, K+`

19
Q

Aldosterone

A

reabsorption of sodium and water
occurs at dct

19
Q

Edema

A

excessive amount of fluid lodged in ISF compartment
- causes swelling/ enlargement of tissue
- localized or throughout body
- can impair tissue perfusion prevent blood flow
- trap drugs in ISF seeps in

20
Q

what causes edema

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
loss plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic circulation
increased capillary permeability

21
Q

what causes capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

higher bp or increased blood volume

forces increased fluid out of capillaries into tissue
causes pulmonary edema

22
Q

what causes loss of plasma protein

A

loss of albumin in kidney
decreased plasma osmotic pressure

23
Q

what does obstructed lymphatic circulation cause

A

localized edema
excessive fluid and protein not returned to circulation

24
Q

increased capillary permeability

A

causes localized edema
result from inflammatory response infection or burn

25
Q

what are the effects of edema

A

local- swelling
- pale and red in colour

pitting edema
- excess in ISF
- moves when pressures applied but depresses wehn finger is removed

increase in body weight with generalized edema

26
Q

what is functional impairment caused by edema

A

restricts range of joint movement
reduced vital capacity
impaired diastole impacts HR

27
Q

pain caused by edema

A

local- exerts pressure on nerves
cerebral- headache inflammation in brain
organs- stretching of capsule (kidneys liver)

28
Q

what is ischemia leading to tissue breakdown caused by im

A

impaired arterial circulation from edema

29
Q

dental complications caused by edema

A

in gums- difficult to take accurate impressions
dentures dont fit well

30
Q

edema in skin

A

susceptible to tissue breakdown from pressure
fluid accumulate under skin

31
Q

Dehydration - Fluid deficit

A

insufficient body fluid
- inadequate intake
-excessive loss (diarrhea vomiting)
- both
more serious in infants and older adults

32
Q

how is fluid loss measured

A

change in body weight

33
Q

what is water loss accompanied by

A

loss of electrolytes and proteins

34
Q

what causes dehydration

A

vomiting and diarhhea
excessive sweating loss of na and water
insufficient water intake for older adults and unconcious
use of concentrated formula in infants
diabetic ketoacidosis- loss of fluid, electrolytes and glucose in urine

35
Q

what are the effects of dehydration

A

dry mucous membranes in mouth
decrease skin turgor/ elasticity
lower bp, pulse, fatigue
increased hematocrit
decreased mental function confusion or loss conciousness

36
Q

hematocrit

A

% of RBC in volume of blood

37
Q

what is the relationship between fluid and RBC

A

inverse

38
Q

what are the bodys attempts to compensate for fluid loss

A

increase thirst
increase HR
constrict cutaneous Blood vessels
produce less urine higher conc of urine

NURS 2750 Health and Healing (11 decks)

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