Week 1: Fluids & Fluid movement Flashcards
What is the major component of the body
water
what is water essential for
homeostasis
what is water a place for
metabolic rxns
what does water do for the body
transportation system
facilitates movements of body parts
whats ICF
intracellular compartment fluid inside cells
whats ECF
extracellular compartment
- intravascular IVF (vessels, veins, part of blood)
- Interstitial ISF (in cells)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF in nervous system)
- Transcellular Fluids (secretions sweat, nasal, gastric)
What is the general rule for water movement
amt water entering body should equal water leaving
fluid intake
ingestion of solid food or fluids
fluid loss
urine
feces
perspiration
exhaled air
what forces control water and solute movement
hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure
what are the processes of water and solutes movement through a semi permeable membrane
filtration
diffusion
osmosis
active transport
filtration
in capillary arteriole
movement of water and solutes from blood
(high pressure) to ISF (low pressure)
diffusion
movement of solutes (Na+/glucose) from high to low conc at capillary level
osmosis
movement of h2o from low solute conc to high conc at venule side (ISF to blood)
active transport
movement of solute using carrier and atp from low to high conc (ISF to cell)
thirst
controlled by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
ADH antidiuretic hormone
reabsorption of water from kidney tubules
occurs at loop henle
ANP atrial natriuretic peptide and T- type natriuretic peptide
synthesized by myocardial cells
regulation of fluid, sodium, K+`
Aldosterone
reabsorption of sodium and water
occurs at dct
Edema
excessive amount of fluid lodged in ISF compartment
- causes swelling/ enlargement of tissue
- localized or throughout body
- can impair tissue perfusion prevent blood flow
- trap drugs in ISF seeps in
what causes edema
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
loss plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic circulation
increased capillary permeability
what causes capillary hydrostatic pressure
higher bp or increased blood volume
forces increased fluid out of capillaries into tissue
causes pulmonary edema
what causes loss of plasma protein
loss of albumin in kidney
decreased plasma osmotic pressure
what does obstructed lymphatic circulation cause
localized edema
excessive fluid and protein not returned to circulation
increased capillary permeability
causes localized edema
result from inflammatory response infection or burn
what are the effects of edema
local- swelling
- pale and red in colour
pitting edema
- excess in ISF
- moves when pressures applied but depresses wehn finger is removed
increase in body weight with generalized edema
what is functional impairment caused by edema
restricts range of joint movement
reduced vital capacity
impaired diastole impacts HR
pain caused by edema
local- exerts pressure on nerves
cerebral- headache inflammation in brain
organs- stretching of capsule (kidneys liver)
what is ischemia leading to tissue breakdown caused by im
impaired arterial circulation from edema
dental complications caused by edema
in gums- difficult to take accurate impressions
dentures dont fit well
edema in skin
susceptible to tissue breakdown from pressure
fluid accumulate under skin
Dehydration - Fluid deficit
insufficient body fluid
- inadequate intake
-excessive loss (diarrhea vomiting)
- both
more serious in infants and older adults
how is fluid loss measured
change in body weight
what is water loss accompanied by
loss of electrolytes and proteins
what causes dehydration
vomiting and diarhhea
excessive sweating loss of na and water
insufficient water intake for older adults and unconcious
use of concentrated formula in infants
diabetic ketoacidosis- loss of fluid, electrolytes and glucose in urine
what are the effects of dehydration
dry mucous membranes in mouth
decrease skin turgor/ elasticity
lower bp, pulse, fatigue
increased hematocrit
decreased mental function confusion or loss conciousness
hematocrit
% of RBC in volume of blood
what is the relationship between fluid and RBC
inverse
what are the bodys attempts to compensate for fluid loss
increase thirst
increase HR
constrict cutaneous Blood vessels
produce less urine higher conc of urine
