Week 2: Pain control and pain types headache Flashcards
Gate control theory
-control system, “gates” built into normal pain pathways
- can modify pain stimuli conduction and transmission in the spinal cord and brain
gates open
pain impulses transmitted from periphery to brain
gates closed
reduces/ modifies passage of pain impulses
what ways in which can pain be controlled
applying ice
TENS
opiate like chem (opioids)
impulses from temp receptors close gates
application of ice
what increases sensory stimulation at site blocking pain transmission
transcutaneous electrical nerve stim (TENS)
opiate like chemicals (opioids)
- Secreted by interneurons of the CNS (endogeneous)
- Block conduction of pain impulses to the CNS
- Resemble morphine
ex. Enkephalins, dynorphins, beta-lipoproteins
what are signs and symptoms of pain
-location, descriptive terms, timing of pain, physical evidence of pain, N/V, fainting and dizziness, anxiety and fear, clenched fists/rigid faces, restlessness/constant motion, guarding area
descriptive terms of pain
aching
burning
sharp
throbbing
widespread
cramping
constant
periodic
unbearable
moderate
physical evidence of pain
pallor & sweating
high bp & tachycardia
how do infants respond to pain
physiologically;
-tachycardia
-increased bp
-facial expressions
what is common when older kids experience pain
withdrawl and lack of communication
reffered pain
- source may be difficult to determine.
- pain may be perceived at site distant from source.
- characteristic of visceral damage in the abdominal organs
- heart attack or ischemia in the heart
phantom pain
-Usually in adults
-More common if chronic pain has occurred
-Following an amputation
Pain, itching, tingling
-Usually does not respond to common pain therapies
-May resolve within weeks to months
-Phenomenon not fully understood
chronic pain
- occurs over extended time; may be recurrent
- usually more difficult to treat
- often perceived to be generalized
- may feel fatigued, irritable, depressed
- sleep disturbances
- impacts appetite
- frequently affects daily activities
what causes headache
Congested sinuses
nasal congestion
eye strain
whats a migrain
abnormal blood flow and metabolism in the brain
what causes intracranial headaches
icp inside skull
where would temporomandibular joint cause a headache
temporal area
what are central headaches caused by
dysfunction or damage to brain or spinal cord
what is neuropathic pain caused by
trauma/disease involving periph nerves
what is ischemic pain a result of
profound/ sudden loss of blood flow to an organ or tissue
what is cancer related pain caused by
advance of disease
treatment
comorbidity
