Week 2: Pain control and pain types headache

Question 1

Gate control theory

Answer 1

-control system, “gates” built into normal pain pathways

• can modify pain stimuli conduction and transmission in the spinal cord and brain

Question 2

gates open

Answer 2

pain impulses transmitted from periphery to brain

Question 3

gates closed

Answer 3

reduces/ modifies passage of pain impulses

Question 4

what ways in which can pain be controlled

Answer 4

applying ice
TENS
opiate like chem (opioids)

Question 5

impulses from temp receptors close gates

Answer 5

application of ice

Question 6

what increases sensory stimulation at site blocking pain transmission

Answer 6

transcutaneous electrical nerve stim (TENS)

Question 7

opiate like chemicals (opioids)

Answer 7

• Secreted by interneurons of the CNS (endogeneous)
• Block conduction of pain impulses to the CNS
• Resemble morphine

ex. Enkephalins, dynorphins, beta-lipoproteins

Question 8

what are signs and symptoms of pain

Answer 8

-location, descriptive terms, timing of pain, physical evidence of pain, N/V, fainting and dizziness, anxiety and fear, clenched fists/rigid faces, restlessness/constant motion, guarding area

Question 9

descriptive terms of pain

Answer 9

aching
burning
sharp
throbbing
widespread
cramping
constant
periodic
unbearable
moderate

Question 10

physical evidence of pain

Answer 10

pallor & sweating
high bp & tachycardia

Question 11

how do infants respond to pain

Answer 11

physiologically;
-tachycardia
-increased bp
-facial expressions

Question 12

what is common when older kids experience pain

Answer 12

withdrawl and lack of communication

Question 13

reffered pain

Answer 13

• source may be difficult to determine.
• pain may be perceived at site distant from source.
• characteristic of visceral damage in the abdominal organs
• heart attack or ischemia in the heart

Question 14

phantom pain

Answer 14

-Usually in adults

-More common if chronic pain has occurred

-Following an amputation

Pain, itching, tingling

-Usually does not respond to common pain therapies

-May resolve within weeks to months

-Phenomenon not fully understood

Question 15

chronic pain

Answer 15

• occurs over extended time; may be recurrent
• usually more difficult to treat
• often perceived to be generalized
• may feel fatigued, irritable, depressed
• sleep disturbances
• impacts appetite
• frequently affects daily activities

Question 16

what causes headache

Answer 16

Congested sinuses
nasal congestion
eye strain

Question 17

whats a migrain

Answer 17

abnormal blood flow and metabolism in the brain

Question 18

what causes intracranial headaches

Answer 18

icp inside skull

Question 19

where would temporomandibular joint cause a headache

Answer 19

temporal area

Question 20

what are central headaches caused by

Answer 20

dysfunction or damage to brain or spinal cord

Question 21

what is neuropathic pain caused by

Answer 21

trauma/disease involving periph nerves

Question 22

what is ischemic pain a result of

Answer 22

profound/ sudden loss of blood flow to an organ or tissue

Question 23

what is cancer related pain caused by

Answer 23

advance of disease
treatment
comorbidity