week 3 bones

Question 1

clavicle is that appendicular or axial skeleton

Answer 1

appendicular

Question 2

what is bone made of

Answer 2

comprised of collagen fibres that are impregnated by a crystal-line calcium salt.

Question 3

a bone generally consists of three things, what are they

Answer 3

spongy bone, compact bone and medullary cavity

Question 4

what are all the classifications of bone shapes

Answer 4

FLISSP
Flat
Long
Irregular
Short
Sesamoid
Pneumatic

Question 5

whats a pneumatic bone

Answer 5

contains air filled cavities eg skull

Question 6

what are the two functions of a sesamoid bone?

Answer 6

absorb and redistribute weight-bearing forces
decrease friction

Question 7

there are three ‘sections’ of a long bone, tell me their location

Answer 7

epiphysis i.e. rounded end,
then metaphysis as the neck,
then diaphysis as the shaft

Question 8

The metaphysis contains a highly metabolic set of tissues, including what three things

Answer 8

The metaphysis contains a highly metabolic set of tissues, including trabecular bone, blood vessels, and Marrow Adipose Tissue.

think tbm

Question 9

what portion of bone can be defined as the wide portion of the long bones.

Answer 9

metaphysis

Question 10

when does the metaphysis develop and what is it a part of

Answer 10

during childhood, its a part of the growth plate

Question 11

where is the ossification centre of the metaphysis

Answer 11

located close to the end of the bone

Question 12

what’s the narrow portion of bone that contains the epiphyseal growth plate

Answer 12

metaphyseal

Question 13

what’s the rounded prominence at the end of the bone, that often forms part of a joint, called

Answer 13

condyle

Question 14

condyle vs epicondyle

Answer 14

condyle is smooth, whereas epicondyle is rough
epicondyle is attachment site for muscle,
condyle is articulation for another bone

epicondyles actually sit on condyles

Question 15

explain the structure of compact bone

Answer 15

harversian systems/osteons > harversian canal > houses nerves and blood vessels
cylindrical structures of osteons/harversian systems called concentric lamellae
lacunae are the ant like things where osteocytes (mature bone cells) are located > canaliculi

Question 16

differences between harversian systems and osteons

Answer 16

no difference, they’re the same thing

Question 17

what lines the inner spongy bone tissue

Answer 17

endosteum

Question 18

what lines the outside of the bone

Answer 18

periosteum

Question 19

where is interstitial lamellae located

Answer 19

between osteons

Question 20

what are lacunae/ osteocytes responsible for

Answer 20

maintaining the bone matrix

Question 21

whats the canaliculi, and purpose

Answer 21

small canals that extend in many directions from the lacunae, connecting to others for intercellular communication and passageway for nutrients to osteocytes

Question 22

so you know we have Haversian canals, what are Volkmann/transverse canals?

Answer 22

they connect these canals transversely, house nerves and blood vessels

Question 23

structure of spongy bone

Answer 23

lattice like branches called trabeculae, composed of endosteum

Question 24

does spongy bone contain osteocytes and canaliculi

Answer 24

yes mate

Question 25

why trabeculae

Answer 25

distribute pressure

Question 26

What type of bone is found in the marrow cavity? .

Answer 26

spongy bone

Question 27

where to find spongy bone

Answer 27

it forms epiphyses of long bones, and is found in the bone marrow

Question 28

growth via increase in width =

Answer 28

appositional

Question 29

growth via increase in length =, and how

Answer 29

interstitial
growth occurring through cell division in the epiphyseal growth

Question 30

Which gives rise to appositional bone growth, periosteum or endosteum?

Answer 30

periosteum

Question 31

how does bone remodelling work

Answer 31

osteoclasts break down old bone
osteoblasts build new bone

Question 32

how do osteoclasts break down old bone

Answer 32

resorb bone matrix
‘Ruffled border’ releases acid to dissolve bone matrix
Howship’s lacunae – resorption pits that’s created therefore

Question 33

where are osteoclasts derived from

Answer 33

haematopoietic stem cells

Question 34

what’s the origin of osteoblasts?

Answer 34

mesenchymal stem cells

Question 35

where are osteoblasts created

Answer 35

periosteum & endosteum

Question 36

function of osteoblasts

Answer 36

Function: produce bone matrix (unmineralised matrix = osteoid) & initiate calcification
Become osteocytes once surrounded by matrix

Question 37

where do osteocytes come from, what is their function?

Answer 37

osteoblasts become osteocytes once surrounded by matrix, no known purpose

Question 38

which cell senses crack in bones

Answer 38

osteoblast