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(Emily) semester 1 anatomy > week 2 tissues > Flashcards

week 2 tissues Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 basic tissues

A

epithelium, muscle, nerve and connective tissue

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2
Q

describe the general histological appearance of a typical nerve cell.

in what tissue would you find this?

A

kinda look like red circles with raisins around the border and red ‘stringy’ looking space that reminds me of bacon. Bacon are the axons, raisins are the satellite cells and in the red circle you should see the soma/cell body.

nerve tissue

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3
Q

State at least one specific site in the body in which each type of basic tissue is found normally and explain its presence there.

A
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4
Q
  • Define ‘exocrine’ and ‘endocrine’ glands and state examples of both types.
A
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5
Q
  • Describe the different mechanisms of glandular secretion.
A
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6
Q
  • Briefly describe the matrix, fibre and cellular components of connective tissue and explain the function of each.
A
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7
Q
  • Define the term ‘adipose tissue’ and describe its basic functions.
A
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8
Q
  • Recognise the consequences of abnormal function of each of the basic tissues.
A
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9
Q

where would you find nerve tissue, 3 places

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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10
Q

where would you find connective tissue

A

ligaments, within the walls of large blood vessels, elastic cartilages, skin

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11
Q

main function of epithelium

A

protection, diffusion, filtration, absorption, secretion, sensory receptors

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12
Q

which tissue is avascular

A

epithelium

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13
Q

describe structure of epithelium

A

cells arranged in continuous sheets either in a single or stratified layer

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14
Q

3 epithelial cell shapes

A

columnar, cuboidal, squamous

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15
Q

which tissue has an apical surface and what does that mean

A

epithelium
a free surface exposed to a body cavity, lining viscera or outer body

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16
Q

how can epithelium tissue be avascular?

A

nutrients acquired through diffusion from adjacent connective tissue

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17
Q

main purpose of connective tissue

A

Tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body. Connective tissue also stores fat, helps move nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs, and helps repair damaged tissue.

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18
Q

how to visually differentiate between epithelium and connective tissue?

A

epithelium tissue cells are arranged into more layers., and like to line things even little tubules.
connective contains more fluid, however they both contain ECM (extracellular matrix)
In connective tissue though, the cells are scattered throughout the ECM of fibres and ground substance. (might look a little hazy)

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19
Q

what does the ECM contain and whats its purpose

A

fibres, cells and ground substance,

(collagen and elastin and glycoproteins etc)

provide support

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20
Q

state the type of tissue for each of these:
bone
blood
fat

A

all connective tissue

21
Q

Why are muscle cells mainly elongated and generally arranged in bundles/fascicles?

A

fascicle arrangement is correlated to the force generated by a muscle and affects the muscle’s range of motion.

22
Q

purpose of dendrites

A

designed to receive communications from other cell

23
Q

purpose of soma

A

houses nucleus, receives signals from dendrites and also: production of neurotransmitters (kinda like chemical processing)

24
Q

Which cells secrete the fibres and extracellular matrix components of connective tissue?

A

fibroblasts

25
Q

what two way do glands secrete

make sure you know which is which

A

endocrine and exocrine
endocrine=diffusion into bloodstream
exocrine=into duct

26
Q

which, out of exocrine and endocrine, has a richer/is found closer to a blood supply and why?

A

endocrine, to be in close proximity to the blood supply it’s supplying

27
Q

what type of the four basic tissues would you find glands in

A

epithelium

28
Q

what are the three classifications of exocrine glands, and their functions, and one example don’t look at answer till you got them all

A

merocrine-release secretions in vesicles via exocytosis, salivary glands

apocrine- pinch off portion of cell itself, then cell repair, mammary

holocrine-entire cell ruptures to release product. replaced via cell division. eg some in eye

29
Q

what type of gland is a thyroid gland

A

endocrine

30
Q

a goblet cell, found inn what tissue, is an example of what

A

epithelium tissue , a unicellular exocrine gland

31
Q

which is the only classification of exocrine gland that doesn’t damage the cell

A

merocrine

32
Q

. Name an epithelial surface specialisation that assists in:

Absorption

A

microvili

33
Q

Name an epithelial surface specialisation that assists in:

Movement of intraluminal substances

A

cilia

34
Q

composition and purpose of basement membrane

A

composed of a sheet of ECM, and it provides support and separates tissues and protects them from mechanical stress

35
Q

what are the 3 different types of connective tissue

A

loose, dense regular and dense irregular

36
Q

what subtype of connective tissue is a muscle tendon/ligament

A

dense regular

they need a strong structure

37
Q

what subtype of connective tissue is the dermis of the skin

A

dense irregular connective tissue

that’s highly vascular, remember that epithelium tissue is avascular and requires that adjacent connective tissue -dermis of skin for example, to diffuse stuff across.

38
Q

where might you find loose connective tissue

A

around organs and blood vessels

39
Q

what nerve connects to the diaphragm that might cause weakness to it

A

phrenic nerve

40
Q

main function of adipose tissue

A

The adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic energy homeostasis by acting as a caloric reservoir.

41
Q

what does adipose tissue, which is a specialised type of connective tissue, actually look like?

A

kinda like a desert without sand

42
Q

what is adipose tissues composed of

A

fat cells aka adipocytes

43
Q

what are the three protein fibres found in ECM

A

collagen, reticular, elastin
strength, support, resilience

44
Q

name of cancer for uncontrolled growth of connective tissue?

A

sarcoma

45
Q

What is the name of cancer (malignancy) that results from uncontrolled proliferation of epithelium tissue cells?

A

carcinoma

46
Q

The epithelial lining of pericardium is

A

simple squamous

47
Q

The epithelial tissue which form protective layer of the skin, buccal cavity and tongue is

A

stratified epithelium

48
Q

Cilia, flagella and microvilli are seen in what tissue only

A

epithelium

49
Q

something that looks like adipose, but is striated. what is it?

A

skeletal muscle

peripheral nuclei

(Emily) semester 1 anatomy (6 decks)

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