week 2 tissues Flashcards
what are the 4 basic tissues
epithelium, muscle, nerve and connective tissue
describe the general histological appearance of a typical nerve cell.
in what tissue would you find this?
kinda look like red circles with raisins around the border and red ‘stringy’ looking space that reminds me of bacon. Bacon are the axons, raisins are the satellite cells and in the red circle you should see the soma/cell body.
nerve tissue
State at least one specific site in the body in which each type of basic tissue is found normally and explain its presence there.
- Define ‘exocrine’ and ‘endocrine’ glands and state examples of both types.
- Describe the different mechanisms of glandular secretion.
- Briefly describe the matrix, fibre and cellular components of connective tissue and explain the function of each.
- Define the term ‘adipose tissue’ and describe its basic functions.
- Recognise the consequences of abnormal function of each of the basic tissues.
where would you find nerve tissue, 3 places
brain, spinal cord, and nerves
where would you find connective tissue
ligaments, within the walls of large blood vessels, elastic cartilages, skin
main function of epithelium
protection, diffusion, filtration, absorption, secretion, sensory receptors
which tissue is avascular
epithelium
describe structure of epithelium
cells arranged in continuous sheets either in a single or stratified layer
3 epithelial cell shapes
columnar, cuboidal, squamous
which tissue has an apical surface and what does that mean
epithelium
a free surface exposed to a body cavity, lining viscera or outer body
how can epithelium tissue be avascular?
nutrients acquired through diffusion from adjacent connective tissue
main purpose of connective tissue
Tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body. Connective tissue also stores fat, helps move nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs, and helps repair damaged tissue.
how to visually differentiate between epithelium and connective tissue?
epithelium tissue cells are arranged into more layers., and like to line things even little tubules.
connective contains more fluid, however they both contain ECM (extracellular matrix)
In connective tissue though, the cells are scattered throughout the ECM of fibres and ground substance. (might look a little hazy)
what does the ECM contain and whats its purpose
fibres, cells and ground substance,
(collagen and elastin and glycoproteins etc)
provide support
state the type of tissue for each of these:
bone
blood
fat
all connective tissue
Why are muscle cells mainly elongated and generally arranged in bundles/fascicles?
fascicle arrangement is correlated to the force generated by a muscle and affects the muscle’s range of motion.
purpose of dendrites
designed to receive communications from other cell
purpose of soma
houses nucleus, receives signals from dendrites and also: production of neurotransmitters (kinda like chemical processing)
Which cells secrete the fibres and extracellular matrix components of connective tissue?
fibroblasts
what two way do glands secrete
make sure you know which is which
endocrine and exocrine
endocrine=diffusion into bloodstream
exocrine=into duct
which, out of exocrine and endocrine, has a richer/is found closer to a blood supply and why?
endocrine, to be in close proximity to the blood supply it’s supplying
what type of the four basic tissues would you find glands in
epithelium
what are the three classifications of exocrine glands, and their functions, and one example don’t look at answer till you got them all
merocrine-release secretions in vesicles via exocytosis, salivary glands
apocrine- pinch off portion of cell itself, then cell repair, mammary
holocrine-entire cell ruptures to release product. replaced via cell division. eg some in eye
what type of gland is a thyroid gland
endocrine
a goblet cell, found inn what tissue, is an example of what
epithelium tissue , a unicellular exocrine gland
which is the only classification of exocrine gland that doesn’t damage the cell
merocrine
. Name an epithelial surface specialisation that assists in:
Absorption
microvili
Name an epithelial surface specialisation that assists in:
Movement of intraluminal substances
cilia
composition and purpose of basement membrane
composed of a sheet of ECM, and it provides support and separates tissues and protects them from mechanical stress
what are the 3 different types of connective tissue
loose, dense regular and dense irregular
what subtype of connective tissue is a muscle tendon/ligament
dense regular
they need a strong structure
what subtype of connective tissue is the dermis of the skin
dense irregular connective tissue
that’s highly vascular, remember that epithelium tissue is avascular and requires that adjacent connective tissue -dermis of skin for example, to diffuse stuff across.
where might you find loose connective tissue
around organs and blood vessels
what nerve connects to the diaphragm that might cause weakness to it
phrenic nerve
main function of adipose tissue
The adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic energy homeostasis by acting as a caloric reservoir.
what does adipose tissue, which is a specialised type of connective tissue, actually look like?
kinda like a desert without sand
what is adipose tissues composed of
fat cells aka adipocytes
what are the three protein fibres found in ECM
collagen, reticular, elastin
strength, support, resilience
name of cancer for uncontrolled growth of connective tissue?
sarcoma
What is the name of cancer (malignancy) that results from uncontrolled proliferation of epithelium tissue cells?
carcinoma
The epithelial lining of pericardium is
simple squamous
The epithelial tissue which form protective layer of the skin, buccal cavity and tongue is
stratified epithelium
Cilia, flagella and microvilli are seen in what tissue only
epithelium
something that looks like adipose, but is striated. what is it?
skeletal muscle
peripheral nuclei
