week 2 tissues

Question 1

what are the 4 basic tissues

Answer 1

epithelium, muscle, nerve and connective tissue

Question 2

describe the general histological appearance of a typical nerve cell.

in what tissue would you find this?

Answer 2

kinda look like red circles with raisins around the border and red ‘stringy’ looking space that reminds me of bacon. Bacon are the axons, raisins are the satellite cells and in the red circle you should see the soma/cell body.

nerve tissue

Question 3

State at least one specific site in the body in which each type of basic tissue is found normally and explain its presence there.

Question 4

• Define ‘exocrine’ and ‘endocrine’ glands and state examples of both types.

Question 5

• Describe the different mechanisms of glandular secretion.

Question 6

• Briefly describe the matrix, fibre and cellular components of connective tissue and explain the function of each.

Question 7

• Define the term ‘adipose tissue’ and describe its basic functions.

Question 8

• Recognise the consequences of abnormal function of each of the basic tissues.

Question 9

where would you find nerve tissue, 3 places

Answer 9

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 10

where would you find connective tissue

Answer 10

ligaments, within the walls of large blood vessels, elastic cartilages, skin

Question 11

main function of epithelium

Answer 11

protection, diffusion, filtration, absorption, secretion, sensory receptors

Question 12

which tissue is avascular

Answer 12

epithelium

Question 13

describe structure of epithelium

Answer 13

cells arranged in continuous sheets either in a single or stratified layer

Question 14

3 epithelial cell shapes

Answer 14

columnar, cuboidal, squamous

Question 15

which tissue has an apical surface and what does that mean

Answer 15

epithelium
a free surface exposed to a body cavity, lining viscera or outer body

Question 16

how can epithelium tissue be avascular?

Answer 16

nutrients acquired through diffusion from adjacent connective tissue

Question 17

main purpose of connective tissue

Answer 17

Tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body. Connective tissue also stores fat, helps move nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs, and helps repair damaged tissue.

Question 18

how to visually differentiate between epithelium and connective tissue?

Answer 18

epithelium tissue cells are arranged into more layers., and like to line things even little tubules.
connective contains more fluid, however they both contain ECM (extracellular matrix)
In connective tissue though, the cells are scattered throughout the ECM of fibres and ground substance. (might look a little hazy)

Question 19

what does the ECM contain and whats its purpose

Answer 19

fibres, cells and ground substance,

(collagen and elastin and glycoproteins etc)

provide support

Question 20

state the type of tissue for each of these:
bone
blood
fat

Answer 20

all connective tissue

Question 21

Why are muscle cells mainly elongated and generally arranged in bundles/fascicles?

Answer 21

fascicle arrangement is correlated to the force generated by a muscle and affects the muscle’s range of motion.

Question 22

purpose of dendrites

Answer 22

designed to receive communications from other cell

Question 23

purpose of soma

Answer 23

houses nucleus, receives signals from dendrites and also: production of neurotransmitters (kinda like chemical processing)

Question 24

Which cells secrete the fibres and extracellular matrix components of connective tissue?

Answer 24

fibroblasts

Question 25

what two way do glands secrete make sure you know which is which

Answer 25

endocrine and exocrine endocrine=diffusion into bloodstream exocrine=into duct

Question 26

which, out of exocrine and endocrine, has a richer/is found closer to a blood supply and why?

Answer 26

endocrine, to be in close proximity to the blood supply it's supplying

Question 27

what type of the four basic tissues would you find glands in

Answer 27

epithelium

Question 28

what are the three classifications of exocrine glands, and their functions, and one example don't look at answer till you got them all

Answer 28

merocrine-release secretions in vesicles via exocytosis, salivary glands apocrine- pinch off portion of cell itself, then cell repair, mammary holocrine-entire cell ruptures to release product. replaced via cell division. eg some in eye

Question 29

what type of gland is a thyroid gland

Answer 29

endocrine

Question 30

a goblet cell, found inn what tissue, is an example of what

Answer 30

epithelium tissue , a unicellular exocrine gland

Question 31

which is the only classification of exocrine gland that doesn't damage the cell

Answer 31

merocrine

Question 32

. Name an epithelial surface specialisation that assists in: Absorption

Answer 32

microvili

Question 33

Name an epithelial surface specialisation that assists in: Movement of intraluminal substances

Answer 33

cilia

Question 34

composition and purpose of basement membrane

Answer 34

composed of a sheet of ECM, and it provides support and separates tissues and protects them from mechanical stress

Question 35

what are the 3 different types of connective tissue

Answer 35

loose, dense regular and dense irregular

Question 36

what subtype of connective tissue is a muscle tendon/ligament

Answer 36

dense regular they need a strong structure

Question 37

what subtype of connective tissue is the dermis of the skin

Answer 37

dense irregular connective tissue that's highly vascular, remember that epithelium tissue is avascular and requires that adjacent connective tissue -dermis of skin for example, to diffuse stuff across.

Question 38

where might you find loose connective tissue

Answer 38

around organs and blood vessels

Question 39

what nerve connects to the diaphragm that might cause weakness to it

Answer 39

phrenic nerve

Question 40

main function of adipose tissue

Answer 40

The adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic energy homeostasis by acting as a caloric reservoir.

Question 41

what does adipose tissue, which is a specialised type of connective tissue, actually look like?

Answer 41

kinda like a desert without sand

Question 42

what is adipose tissues composed of

Answer 42

fat cells aka adipocytes

Question 43

what are the three protein fibres found in ECM

Answer 43

collagen, reticular, elastin strength, support, resilience

Question 44

name of cancer for uncontrolled growth of connective tissue?

Answer 44

sarcoma

Question 45

What is the name of cancer (malignancy) that results from uncontrolled proliferation of epithelium tissue cells?

Answer 45

carcinoma

Question 46

The epithelial lining of pericardium is

Answer 46

simple squamous

Question 47

The epithelial tissue which form protective layer of the skin, buccal cavity and tongue is

Answer 47

stratified epithelium

Question 48

Cilia, flagella and microvilli are seen in what tissue only

Answer 48

epithelium

Question 49

something that looks like adipose, but is striated. what is it?

Answer 49

skeletal muscle peripheral nuclei