Week 3 - Basic Food Biology and Food Composition

Question 1

What are the two nutrients required for survival?

Answer 1

Macro and Micronutrients

Question 2

3 types of Macronutrients

Answer 2

Carbohydrates (16kj)
Protein (17kj)
Fat (37kj)

Question 3

3 types of Micronutrients

Answer 3

Vitamins
Minerals
Water

Question 4

3 general roles of nutrients

Answer 4

1. Provide energy
   - Breakdown carbohydrate, fat and protein to
   release energy
2. Growth and development
   - Building blocks for cell division and production of new
   tissues
3. Maintenance and repair

Question 5

Describe Carbohydrate and its functions

- 4 points

Answer 5

Main source of energy in body

Help keep blood sugar levels in normal
range

All CHO foods are broken down into glucose and
absorbed into the blood (blood sugar)

Maintains digestive health

Question 6

What are the 2 types of Carbohydrates

Answer 6

• Sugar (simple carbohydrate

- Starch (complex carbohydrate)

Question 7

Examples of Carb foods

Answer 7

Legumes (beans, lentils, split peas)
Oats, seeds
Rice, pasta, noodles
Potato, corn

Question 8

Describe Fibre and its main functions, where it is found etc

- 5 points

Answer 8

Found in plant foods

Type of non-starch polysaccharide CHO

Resistant to digestion and absorption in the human
intestine

Provides a feeling of fullness and adds bulk to the diet

Aids in digestion and helps to avoid constipation

Question 9

What is the GI

Answer 9

Ranks carbohydrates according to their effect on blood glucose levels.

Low GI keeps you fuller for longer

Question 10

Types of high/low GI foods

Answer 10

High = white bread, potato, rice 
Low = multi bread, sweet potato, beans

Question 11

What are the functions of fat?

- 4 points

Answer 11

Energy

Structure

Insulation

Protection

Question 12

What are the 4 different types of FAT?

Answer 12

Saturated (SFA)
Monounsaturated (MUFA)
Polyunsaturated (PUFA)
Trans-fatty acids

Question 13

Monounsaturated fat foods

Functions

Answer 13

Found in olive oil, canola oil/margarine, peanuts, almonds, avocado

Monounsaturated fats increase our HDL (good) cholesterol levels

Question 14

Polyunsaturated fat foods

Functions

Answer 14

Omega 6 fats are found in some oils, nuts
and game meats

Omega 3 fats are found in fish and walnuts

Polyunsaturated fats decrease the amount of LDL (bad) cholesterol in our blood and increase the amount of HDL (good) cholesterol

Question 15

What are the functions of PROTEIN?

- 4

Answer 15

Growth and repair
Hormone regulation
Transportation
Immune function

Question 16

PROTEIN role in the body?

Answer 16

Play an important role in health of the body.

Made up of amino acids
- needed for the body to function properly.

Question 17

How many amino acids are there? H

How many are essential?

Answer 17

20

9 that need to be consumed from food.

Question 18

Two types of protein

Answer 18

complete and incomplete

Question 19

Complete and incomplete protein examples

Answer 19

C = meat
IC = beans, cereals

Question 20

Role of VITAMINS

Answer 20

Major role in

• growth
• maintenance of health and metabolism

Question 21

Types of VITAMINS

Answer 21

Fat soluble: A, D, E & K

Water soluble: B, C & folic acid

Question 22

Two types of MINERALS and intake/sources

Answer 22

macro-minerals: +100mg/calcium, sodium, potassium

micro-minerals: -100mg/iron, copper, zinc

Question 23

How to measure energy from food

Answer 23

amount (g) x energy yield
that amount divided by total energy of product
x 100