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Sports Training Physiology > Week 3 - Aerobic Training > Flashcards

Week 3 - Aerobic Training Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Define endurance

A

Capacity to sustain a given velocity or power for the longest possible time. (Carter + Jones, 2000)

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2
Q

Define aerobic training

A

Training where oxidative phosphorylation is the main source of ATP.

Can be split into low, moderate + high intensity.

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3
Q

Low-intensity aerobic training

A

Less than 50% VO2max

60-120 min.

Continuous training.

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4
Q

Moderate intensity aerobic training

A

60-85% VO2max or 5-20% maximal intensity

25-50 min

Continuous training

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5
Q

High intensity aerobic training

A

90-120% VO2 max

1-5 min.

Interval training. i.e HIIT.

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6
Q

HIIT training

A

10 x 60s efforts

Constant load to elicit 90% VO2max

60s recovery between efforts

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7
Q

How much of the ATP req. for continuous events lasting more than 90-120s will be met by aerobic metabolism?

A

More than 1/2 the ATP.

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8
Q

List Olympic sports req. aerobic endurance

A

Running more than or equal to 800m.

Swimming more than or equal to 200m.

Cycling more than or equal to 4000m.

Rowing

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9
Q

What does the degree to which adapt. occur depend on?

A

Training status of ind. + person’s genetic make up.

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10
Q

What are the CV adaptations to endurance training

A

⬆️ CO + SV

⬆️ blood vol. + haemoglobin content.

⬆️ in blood flow to exercising muscles

⬇️ Resting HR + blood pressure.

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11
Q

Effect of endurance training on CO

A

⬆️ is primarily the result of ⬆️ SV.

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12
Q

Effect of endurance training on SV

A

Chronic ⬆️ ventricular filling causes Eccentric hypertrophy.

= ⬆️ preload relates to the expanded plasma vol. associated w. Endurance training.

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13
Q

What is eccentric hypertrophy

A

Enlarged ventricular chamber

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14
Q

Effect of endurance training on blood pressure

A

⬇️ systolic + diastolic bp in hypertensive ind.

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15
Q

Effect of endurance training on Blood vol. + RBC

A

Stimulates hypervolemia.

Plasma vol. expansion is thought to account for this in the 1st 2-4 weeks of training.

As training continues, blood vol. expansion is thought to be result of continued plasma vol. + an ⬆️ in no. of RBC

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16
Q

Define hypervolemia

A

⬆️ in blood vol.

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17
Q

Do plasma vol. + RBC vol. increase proportionally?

A

NO

= Hematocrit (% of RBC in relation to total blood vol.) ⬇️ in response to training.

18
Q

Why would high hematocrits be dangerous?

A

due to ⬆️ in blood viscosity

19
Q

Whats hypoxaemia

A

⬇️ in blood O2

20
Q

What stimulates RBC prod.?

A

Exercise –> hypoxaemia –> kidney secretes EPO –> Stimulates RBC prod. in marrow of long bones –> RBC released into blood stream –> ⬆️ Hb.

21
Q

Define minute ventilation

A

Vol. of expired air / min.

22
Q

How does an ⬆️ in blood vol. improve cardiac dynamics?

A

Frank-Starling law of the heart

⬆️ end-diastolic vol. = stretch the cardiac muscle fibres = ⬆️ force of contraction = ⬆️ SV

23
Q

List the metabolic + musculoskeletal adapt to endurance training

A

⬆️ mit. Size + no.

⬆️ cap. Density

⬆️ in reliance on stored fat as an energy source

⬆️ in oxidative enzymes

Possible ⬆️ in myoglobin content.

⬆️ cap. To fibre ratio

24
Q

What are the changes in muscle cross-sectional area?

A

Smaller-diameter fibres = Enhances O2 diff. From cap. To cell.

25
Q

What happens to oxidative enzymes after endurance training?

A

Conc. ⬆️

= more efficient metabolic system

Also thought to spare muscle glycogen + red. prod. Of lactate during exercise of a given intensity.

26
Q

What does PFK do?

A

Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP —-> fructose 1,6-biphosphate + ADP

27
Q

What does GAPDH do?

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + Pi —-> 1,3-biphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+

28
Q

What does Phosphoglycolate phosphatase (GPh) do?

A

2-phosphoglycolate –> glycolate + Pi.

29
Q

Fick Equation

A

VO2 = CO x a-vO2 difference

30
Q

Summary of central adaptations from aerobic training

A

⬆️ SV + max. CO

⬆️ muscle blood flow

⬆️ blood vol. + Hb = ⬆️ O2 carrying capacity of blood

⬆️ maximal ventilation

31
Q

What are the implications of an increase in RBCs

A

Contributes to ⬆️ blood vol.

⬆️ blood O2 carrying cap.

32
Q

How much O2 can 1g of Hb bind to?

A

1.34 mL of O2

33
Q

What causes an increase in plasma vol?

A

⬆️ in circulating protein + electrolytes

⬆️ fluid retention

34
Q

How much H20 does 1g of circulating plasma protein bind to?

A

14-15mL of H20

35
Q

Mitochondrial adaptations

A

⬆️ conc. of enzymes involved in Krebs cycle + ETC + ⬆️ in their activity

⬆️ mit. content (biogenesis)

⬆️ size of mit.

36
Q

Adaptations to glucose transport + glycogen storage after endurance training

A

⬆️ No. of GLUT4 proteins (glucose transporter)

⬆️ muscle glycogen store

37
Q

Summary of peripheral adaptations

A

⬆️ no. + size of mit.

⬆️ mit. enzyme no. + activity

⬆️ muscle capillarisation

⬆️ size of type 1 + 2a fibres

⬆️ fat uptake + utilisation

38
Q

What are the determinants of endurance exercise performance

A

Max O2 uptake – VO2 Max

Lactate threshold

Exercise efficiency

39
Q

What is the importance of VO2 max?

A

That it sets the upper limit for energy production

40
Q

What does VO2 Max reflect?

A

Max rate of energy (ATP) syntheses from oxidative metabolism.

41
Q

Influence of endurance training on muscle pH

A

⬇️ Pi accumulation

⬇️ ADP accumulation

42
Q

Effect of endurance training on Blood vol. + RBC

What is the ⬆️ in plasma vol due to

A

⬆️ in ADH + aldosterone which ⬆️ fluid retention by the kidney.

Exercise also causes ⬆️ in plasma proteins, primarily albumin, which ⬆️ osmotic pull, causing fluid retention in the blood.

Sports Training Physiology (13 decks)

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