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Sports Training Physiology > Week 2 - Planning of Training & Periodisation > Flashcards

Week 2 - Planning of Training & Periodisation Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

What is the aim of a training programme?

A

Induce physiological adapt.

Maximise perf. at specific time points.

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2
Q

How must a training programme be designed?

A

In a way that:

Stimulates adapt.

Improves important fitness components

Manages fatigue

Prevents overtraining

Develops req. skills

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3
Q

Define periodisation

A

Method by which training is divided into smaller, easy-to-manage segments, making it easier to plan + manage the training programme + ensure that peak performance occurs at the main competition.

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4
Q

What did Russian Sport Scientist Leo Matveyey do?

A

1960s

Published a model of periodisation

Analysed results of Soviet Athletes in 1952 + 1956 Olympics + compared training programmes of successful + unsuccessful athletes.

He then designed a periodisation training model that divided into shorter periods + cycles.

He followed the works of Hans Selye + used the GAS theory to underpin the models attempt to control fatigue.

== CLASSICAL/TRADITIONAL MODEL OF PERIODISATION.

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5
Q

What did Romanian scientist Tudor Bompa do?

A

Expanded + further developed the periodisation approach.

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6
Q

How long does a microcycle last?

A

4-10 days

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7
Q

How long does a mesocycle last?

A

2-6 weeks

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8
Q

How long does a macrocycle last?

A

Several months to a year

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9
Q

What is the configuration of loading in a microcycle?

A

Low-load (1 max training units)

Med-load (2 max training units)

High-load (2 max training units + demanding exercise training between the max sessions)

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10
Q

List the models of periodisation

A

Traditional model

Block periodisation

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11
Q

Explain Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

A

Structured model around 1 yr of training.

1 primary comp. towards end of that cycle.

Macrocycle split into 3 phases (prep, comp + transition phase).

Model was modified in mid 1980s to include 1st transition phase between prep + comp phase.

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12
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

What is the aim for the preparation phase

A

Base level of conditioning

– to ⬆️ ind. ability to tolerate more intense training in the subsequent meso cycles.

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13
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

How is base fitness achieved in the preparation phase?

A

Low intensity

High vol. training.

i.e for an endurance runner, long but slow, low to moderate intensity runs.

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14
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

Describe the 1st transition mesocycle

A

Quite short

Involves a large ⬆️ in intensity + ⬇️. In training vol.

= Inverse rel. == Used to prevent too much fatigue - esp. novice or amateur athletes.

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15
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

What is the aim of the competition phase?

A

Further Max. adapt. + perf.

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16
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

Describe the competition phase

A

Intensity ⬆️ + training vol. ⬇️.

In order for athlete to arrive at comp in optimal cond. its essential that training load is ⬇️ 1-2 weeks b4 event to avoid competing in a fatigued state + so they can achieve full adapt. from previous training load.

Split in 2 sub-phases.

17
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

What are the 2 sub-phases of the competition phase?

A

Subphase 1 - Pre-comp phase

Subphase 2 - Main-comp phase

18
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

Describe the Subphase 1 - Pre-comp phase

A

Contains all exhibition contests i.e pre-season games in soccer.

Further ⬆️ intensity + ⬇️ vol.

Prog. ⬆️ skill, tech. + tactical training.

19
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

Describe the Subphase 2 - Main-comp phase

A

Contains all primary or most important events + split into 3 sections:

  1. unloading phase - regeneration
  2. Special preparation phase - final + tactical changes + psychological prep.
  3. Comp.
20
Q

Leo Matveyey’s Traditional Model

Describe 2nd transition mesocycle

A

Recovery

⬇️ vol + intensity

Avoid overtraining

Maintenance

1-4 weeks

Longer the phase = more fitness lost = longer the prep. phase will need to be in the next macro cycle.

21
Q

What is the central concept of periodisation?

A

Removal of linearity of training.

22
Q

LIMITATIONS of the Traditional model

A

Not ideal for athletes with more than 1 event per year.

Tries to develop many targeted abilities simultaneously. i.e strength, power, speed… - Issue w/ this is that is not always easy to apply a sufficient training stimulus or fitness components at the same time.

23
Q

BLOCK PERIODISATION

What 3 blocks combined to form a stage?

A

Accumulation

Transformation

Realisation

24
Q

BLOCK PERIODISATION

Describe Accumulation block

A

Develop:

  • key basic ability (endurance, strength)
  • general motor techniques (i.e paddling)
25
Q

BLOCK PERIODISATION

Describe transformation

A

Sport specific abilities (i.e speed endurance)

+

Event specific techniques

26
Q

BLOCK PERIODISATION

Describe realisation

A

Restore + repair due to drop in training load

27
Q

BLOCK PERIODISATION

3 blocks form a stage, how long does the stage last?

A

6-10 weeks

28
Q

2 adv. to block periodisation

A

No conflicting training types in each stage

Each block + stage is short enough to limit chance of overtraining despite an extremely high training load.

29
Q

Define detraining

A

Conditioning of a specific fitness component declines due to insufficient or removed training stimulus.

30
Q

Define residual training effects

A

How long +ive adapt. remain after training stimulus has been removed:

  • Short residual i.e speed
  • Long residual i.e aerobic fitness

Speed at which the adapt is lost can depend on component being trained.

31
Q

When should the next training session take place?

A

At the peak of the supercompensation phase

32
Q

During a tapering period, training volume should be reduced by:

A

41-60%

33
Q

According to Bosquet et al., (2007), a successful taper should:

A

Reduce training volume ONLY

34
Q

There are various different tapering methods. Which of them is considered the least beneficial?

A

Step

35
Q

What does block periodisation allow?

A

A no. of sporting targets to be developed consecutively but not concurrently

Sports Training Physiology (13 decks)

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