Week 3 Flashcards
What is external validity?
Applying the conclusions of a study outside of the context of the study
what is internal validity?
How well a study measures what it set out to measure
what is construct validity?
How well the tool measures the contract it was designed to measure
What is treatment variance?
Differences due to what we have done
what is confound variance?
Variables that researchers do not account for affecting the results rendering them useless
what is error variance?
Differences due to other variables/factors
What is the ceiling effect?
when a task is too simple
what is the floor effect?
when a task is too hard
What are order effects?
When a participant’s behaviour changes due to when a certain condition is completed
What are practice effects?
When participants get better at a task each time they do it
what are fatigue effects?
when participants get bored or tired during a condition
What is counterbalancing?
Getting the participants in each condition to complete the tasks in different orders
When is counterbalancing typically used?
during repeated measures designs
What is counterbalancing typically used for?
to reduce order effects
What us the latin-square design?
The arrangement of conditions so that each condition is only completed once at a time e.g.
A,b,c,d
B,c,d,a etc
When is the Latin square design typically used?
when there are a few conditions e.g. 4
What is randomisation?
Presents individual trials in a randomised order to eliminate systematic bias
What are demand characteristics?
When participants behave in a certain way because they think that’s what the researcher demands from them
What are pre-tests?
The observation/condition before intervention
What are experimental treatments?
Different interventions or treatments
What are post-tests?
The observation or measure after the intervention
What are maturation effects?
Participant’s behaviour changes over time
What are history effects?
Something changes about participant’s circumstances that influences the variables
What are testing effects?
Having tested before May change how participant’s do on the post-tests
What is a passive control group?
Participant’s do nothing. They Don’T experience the manipulation from pre or post tests
What is an active control group?
Participant’s do something that they can reasonably assume have an effect but the researcher’s assume doesn’t
What do we mean by waiting-list?
Participant’s are waiting to take part in the manipulation/experimental research condition and believe that they will be at some point
What is attrition?
When participant’s start a study but don’t complete it
What is matched design?
A research design that matches participant’s by certain characteristics: Age, gender, occupation etc
What is random group assignment?
Using chance procedures to put participant’s In groups randomly giving Them all an equal chance to be assigned to certain groups
