Week 2 Flashcards
What is an independent variable?
A variable that is manipulated and measured by the researcher
what is a dependent variable?
The variable that is typically affected by the IV and measured
What are levels of measurement?
Is the scale in which researchers measure data
What are between-subjects design?
(independent measures) when a participant takes part in only one condition
What are within-subjects designs?
(repeated measures) when all participants take part in all conditions
What is a one-tailed hypothesis?
(directional) predicts the nature of the effect of the IV on the DV
What is a two-tailed hypothesis?
(non-directional) predicts that the IV will have an affect on the DV but doesn’t specify what the affect will be
When is a one-tailed hypothesis typically used?
Used when determining the relationship between the sample and the distribution
What is a type 1 error?
When we believe manipulation has had an effect but actually hasn’t
Shat is a type 2 error? (2)
When manipulation has had An effect but it hasn’t been detected due to lack of statistical power
What can a type 1 error be called?
a false positive
What is an experimental hypothesis?
A statement predicting the outcomes from an experiment
What is a null hypothesis?
A hypothesis predicting that there will be no difference between A or B
What is discrete data?
Data you can count
what is continuous data?
Different scales of data that can take any value
What is nominal data?
Category data
what is ordinal data?
Ranked data that has a relative order
What is interval data?
Data that comes in a numerical for, where the difference between points is standardised
What is ratio data?
numerical data that is standardised between points but the origin number has to be 0
What is a construct?
A tool used to facilitate understanding of human behaviour
what is construct validity?
how well a test or tool measured the construct that it was designed to measure
What is operationalisation?
A precise description of how a variable is defined
What is reliability?
When we get similar results when we replicate an experiment
What is validity?
How well is the researcher measuring what they have set out to measure
What is an experimental design?
A design that allows the researcher to manipulate a variable and determine how that variable affects behaviour
What is a quasi-experimental design?
An empirical interventional study Used to estimate the casual impact Of an intervention on A target population without random assignment
What is a confound variable? (2)
Variables that may occur and effect the results of an experiment
When detected, however, the researcher Dan try and control them
What are extraneous variables?
Variables that researchers cannot control and may effect the results of research
What are order effects?
When the position of tasks effect the outcome of an experiment
What is informed consent?
Consent from a participant that is obtained when they are briefed about what they are taking part in before they do
what are research ethics?
A set of policies that govern the field of psychology
