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Bioscience 1 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A
  • blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
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2
Q

Systemic circuit

A
  • blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues
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3
Q

Ventricles

A

right - pulmonary circuit (lungs)

left - systemic circuit (body)

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4
Q

coronary circulation

A
  • blood supply to the heart muscle
  • supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle cells
  • veins of heart all drain into the coronary sinus
  • coronary sinus then opens directly into the right atrium
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5
Q

Ventricular diastole

A
  1. blood enters both atria
  2. ventricles are relaxed and tricupsid & bicupsid valves open
  3. passive filling of blood into ventricles- 80% ventricular filling
  4. both atria contract causing blood to enter ventricles- remaining 20% of ventricular filling
  5. semilunar valves closed
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6
Q

ventricular systole

A
  1. ventricles both contract causing blood to exit heart and atria relax (atrial diastole)
  2. tricupsid & bicupsid valves- closed, semilunar valves open
  3. ventricles relax at end of this stage - cycle begins again
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7
Q

Heart sounds - S1

A

(lub)

  • louder longer sound
  • atrioventricular valves close
  • onset of ventricular systole (contraction)
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8
Q

Heart sounds - S2

A

(dub)

  • short and sharper sound
  • semilunar valves close
  • onset of ventricular diastole (relaxation)
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9
Q

Blood vessel structure - tunica intima

A
  • inner layer
  • thin layer of tissue
  • endothelium lines the blood vessel
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10
Q

Blood vessel structure - tunica media

A
  • middle layer
  • contains smooth and elastic fibres
  • amount varies depending on type of blood vessel
  • thicker in arteries compared to veins
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11
Q

blood vessel structure - tunica externa (adventitia)

A
  • external layer
  • contains collagen fibres
  • anchors blood vessel to its surroundings.
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12
Q

Blood vessels - artery

A
  • thick wall rich in elastic fibres and smooth muscle
  • transport blood away from heart
  • subject to high blood pressure from heart
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13
Q

Blood vessels - vein

A
  • thin wall
  • larger lumen
  • valves present
  • transport blood towards heart
  • subject to low blood pressure
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14
Q

blood bessels - capillary

A
  • smallest blood vessels
  • single cell wall thick
  • gas exchange takes place
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15
Q

arterioles

A
  • smallest arteries
  • smooth muscle in blood vessel wall
  • arteriole diametre controls blood flow into capillaries
  • arterioles dilate- blood flow into capillaries increases
  • arterioles constrict- blood flow into capillaries decreases
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16
Q

venules

A
  • smallest veins

- blood flowing out of capillaries enters venules

17
Q

Blood flow

A
  • volume of blood flowing through blood vessels or organ in given period
18
Q

blood pressure

A
  • force exerted on a vessel wall by the blood as it is pumped by the heart.
  • measured in mm Hg
  • systolic (ventricular contraction)
  • diastolic (ventricular relaxation)
  • pulsepressure is diff between systolic and diastolic
19
Q

resistance

A
  • opposition to flow of blood through vessels

- blood viscosity, blood vessel length, blood vessel diametre

20
Q

blood pressure in arteries

A
  • highest blood pressure compared to other blood vessels

- highest blood pressure in aorta

21
Q

blood pressure in capillaries

A
  • very low pressure
  • extremely fragile blood vessels
  • high pressure would rupture capillaries
22
Q

blood pressure in veins

A
  • very low pressure
23
Q

factors that impact resistance - blood viscosity

A
  • thickness of blood
  • greater the thickness > inc resistance > increase difficulty in blood flow
  • increase blood viscosity due to dehydration or elevated blood cholesterol

> heart must work harder to force thickened blood to move through the blood vessels

24
Q

factors that impact resistance - blood vessel length

A
  • longer vessel > greater resistance
  • obese individuals have longer blood vessels

> heart must work harder to force blood to move through the blood vessels to reach the end

25
Q

factors that impact resistance - blood vessel diametre

A
  • smaller the blood vessel diametre > inc in resistance
  • arterioles can alter resistance by vasodilation and vasoconstriction
  • eg. fatty deposits along blood vessel wall can alter vessel diametre > inc resistance

> heart must work harder to force blood to move past the blockage

26
Q

plasma

A
  • 55% of total blood vol
  • liquid part of blood
  • consists of water (90%), dissolved proteins, sugars, hormones, salts
27
Q

RBC (erythrocytes)

A
  • 45% oftotal blood vol
  • red colour due to hemoglobin
  • transport oxygen to cells
  • transport carbon dioxide away from cells
  • no nucleus or organelles
  • 97% hemoglobin
  • lifespan 100-120 days
28
Q

platelets (thrombocytes)

A
  • assist in clotting & wound healing
29
Q

WBC (leukocytes)

A
  • immune system
  • protection against infections
  • WBC and platelets represent less than 1% of total blood vol

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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