Week 11

Question 1

Sensory input

Answer 1

• monitor changes and deliver the information as sensory input

Question 2

integration

Answer 2

• processes and interprets sensory input and decides on action to be taken

Question 3

motor output

Answer 3

• effectors(muscles and glands) and activated to produce a response

Question 4

Neurons

Answer 4

• excitable

- receive and convey impulses

Question 5

Neurogila

Answer 5

• smaller in size
• not excitable
• supporting cells of many types and functions

Question 6

dendrite

Answer 6

• finger like extension

- receives stimuli from other neurons

Question 7

axon

Answer 7

• elongate extension

- transmits impulses to stimulate the next cell

Question 8

astrocytes

Answer 8

• supports neurons and cover capillaries

- provide a connection between neurons and capillaries

Question 9

microglial cells

Answer 9

• monitor health status of neurons

- convert into a type of macrophage and can engulf microorganisms or dead neurons

Question 10

ependymal cells

Answer 10

• line central canal of spinal cord and cavities of brain

- beating action of the cilia circulates the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 11

ogliodendrocytes

Answer 11

• wrap around the axon of neuron to form the myelin sheath

Question 12

satellite cells

Answer 12

• surround the cell body neuron

Question 13

schwann cells

Answer 13

• wraps around the axon of neuron to from the myelin sheath

- serves to prevent loss of impulse, maintain speed of conduction and prevent interference

Question 14

transmission of nerve impulse

Answer 14

• Membrane depolarisation: Na+ rushes into ICF, RMP difference approaches zero then positive
• Membrane repolarisation: K+ channels open, restoration of the RMP as K+ rushes out of ECF

Question 15

Dura matter

Answer 15

• outer double layered tough membrane, continues around spine

Question 16

Arachnoid matter

Answer 16

• a loose, weblike middle covering secured to the pia mater

Question 17

pia matter

Answer 17

• delicate connective tissue, clings to brain/spinal cord surface
• rich blood vessel supply

Question 18

subdural space

Answer 18

• below dura matter

Question 19

subarachnoid space

Answer 19

• below arachnoid mater

Question 20

blood-brain barrier

Answer 20

• impermeable brain capillaries: help maintain a fairly stable chemical env. to brain by
• screening in nurients, essentials by diffusion
• screening out metabolic wastes(urea), K+

Question 21

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 21

• liquid cushion: floats the brain, reducing the weight by 97% preventing it crushing itself
• protection: a cushion against blows and trauma
• nourishment: carries dissolved nutrients to brain cells
• hormone transport
• controls breathing onset due to unbuffered pH levels

Question 22

Frontal lobe

Answer 22

-motor activities, behaviuor, memory, speech, learning

Question 23

parietal lobe

Answer 23

• mostly sensory

Question 24

temporal lobe

Answer 24

• auditory, language, taste, smell

Question 25

occipital lobe

Answer 25

• visual areas

Question 26

thalamus

Answer 26

• relay station for impulses before directed to cortex

Question 27

hypothalamus

Answer 27

• regulation of body temp, hunger, thirst, water balance, sex drive
• secretion of hormones
• involved in regulation of autonomic nervous

Question 28

epithalamus (pineal gland)

Answer 28

• secretion of melatonin for sleeping cycles

Question 29

midbrain

Answer 29

• auditory and visual startle reflex centres that control head, eye and trunk movements in response to sudden visual or auditory stimuli

Question 30

pons

Answer 30

• relays info from cerebellum to cerebrum cortex

- coordinates with medulla oblongata to control respiration rates

Question 31

medulla oblongata

Answer 31

• controls HR, blood vessel diametre for regulation of BP, respiration rates, vomiting, coughing & sneezing

Question 32

limbic system: amygdala

Answer 32

• fear
• aggression
• short term memory

Question 33

limbic system: hippocampus

Answer 33

• sequential long term memory

- planning

Question 34

cerebellum

Answer 34

• coordinated muscle contractions for body movements, posture and balance

Question 35

spinal cord

Answer 35

• two way conduction between body parts and brain - sensory input and motor outputr
• major reflex centre
• protected by body vertebrae, CSF and meninges

Question 36

spinal cord regions

Answer 36

• cervical (neck)
• thoracic (chest)
• lumbar (abdomen, ends L1)
• sacral (pelvic)