Week 14

Question 1

testis

Answer 1

• site of gamete(sperm) production

- contain coiled tubules (seminiferous tubules) where sperm are produced

Question 2

epididymis

Answer 2

• aka ductus epididymis

- storage site for immature sperm

Question 3

scrotum

Answer 3

• sac of skin containing testes located outside the body

- scrotum is located outside the body to ensure a 2-3 degree lower than body temp req for sperm production

Question 4

vas deferens`

Answer 4

• aka ductus deferens

- tube that transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Question 5

ejaculatory duct

Answer 5

• connects vas deferens with seminal vesicle

Question 6

male accessory glands- seminal glands

Answer 6

• located on posterior bladder surface
• secretes alkaline fluid containing fructose, citric acid, coagulating enzymes & prostaglandins
• contains substances involved in enhancing sperm motility
• forms 70% of semen volume

Question 7

male accessory glands- prostate glands

Answer 7

• encircles the urethra inferior to bladder
• fluid plays role in activating sperm
• contains citrate, several enzymes and prostate-specific antigen
• PSA levels are measured in blood tests to assess for potential prostate cancer

Question 8

male accessory glands- bulbo-urethral gland

Answer 8

• located inferior to prostate
• serves to lubricate penis prior to ejaculation
• serves to neutralise acidic urine

Question 9

Sperm

Answer 9

• specialise cells structurally modified for function

Question 10

sperm structure

Answer 10

HEAD- nucleus (DNA material from make, acrosome:contains enzymes that enable sperm to penetrate and enter egg

MIDPIECE- contains tightly packed mitochondria to provide a source of energy for sperm motility

FLAGELLUM- tail that propel sperm through female reproductive tract

Question 11

testosterone

Answer 11

• promote sperm production
• development of sex organs to adult size
• promotes development of secondary sex characteristics
• promotes sex drive

Question 12

ovaries

Answer 12

• responsible for production of female gamete (egg/ovum)

- contain mililions of follicles which will develop into mature follicles each month and release an ovum

Question 13

fallopian tubes

Answer 13

• oviducts that receive ovulated oocyte
• site for fertilisation by sperm
• finger-like projections (fimbirae) collect oocyte during ovulation direct into fallopian tube

Question 14

uterus

Answer 14

• located anterior to rectum and posterosuperior to bladder
• site of implantation and development of foetus
• lined with endometrium that is released monthly as menstruation

Question 15

cervix

Answer 15

• junction between vagina and uterus

Question 16

vagina

Answer 16

• posterior to urethra
• female organ of copulation
• receiving chamber for sperm- passageway for delivery of baby and menstural flow

Question 17

Oestrogen (from ovary)

Answer 17

• secretion begins at puberty
• promotes growth ^ maturation of uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina to support pregnancy
• development of secondary sex characteristics (breast, pubic hair, wider hips, mensturation
• promotes oogenesis (oocyte development)
• promotes cervical mucus to become watery to facilitate sperm entry into the uterus

Question 18

progesterone (from corpus luteum)

Answer 18

• primary affects are during pregnancy
• released after ovulation
• prepares endometrium for potential implantation (enrichment of blood vessels and nutrients
• prevents further follicle growth in ovary by inhibiting FSH and LH secretion
• causes cervical mucus to become viscous forming a ‘cervicval plug’
• encourages breast development during pregnancy
• placenta takes over role of secreting progesterone after 3mths pregnancy

Question 19

Follicle stimulating hormone (from anterior pituitary)

Answer 19

• stimulates growth and maturation of follicles in ovary at start of new ovarian cycle

Question 20

Luteinising hormone (from anterior pituitary)

Answer 20

regulates production of oestrogen by ovary and stimulates ovulation