Week 3 Flashcards
what is the competitive exclusion principle
two species that use a limiting resource in the same way cannot coexist
what is resource partitioning
species using a limited resource in a different way
what kind of competition is inveigled with resource partitioning
interspecific
what are the two niche types
fundamental versus realized
what did connell look at
niche factors (distribution, survival, reproduction) of barnacles in scotland
what did peter and rosemary grant do
looked at competition in galapagos finches (beak size based on seed size)
what elements of competition are shown in the finch study done by Grant
interspecific competition, resource patitioning
what is a way to look at predator-prey relations
lotka-volterra models
what is the lotka volterra model equation
(dN)/(dt)=(rN)-(aNP)
N=number prey, P=number predators, r=population growth rate, a=capture efficiency
what is aNP
overall rate of prey removal
what happens when P=0
prey population grows exponentially
what is the equation for exploitation and population cycle
(dP/dt)=baNP-mP
m=mortality rate
b=efficiency with which prey are converted to predator offspring
what can prey do to avoid predation
behavioral or biochemical changes
what can predators do to gain prey
try to counteract prey advantages
what is the predatory arms race
prey and predators fighting to have the better advantage
what did Huffaker do
mite study with oranges and rubber balls (population cycles)
what contribution did Wallace have on Darwin
he stressed mutability of species
what evidence did darwin use for natural selection
artificial selection and natural examples of adaptations among species
what are darwins postulates
variable individuals, variation due to parents, survival of it fittest, reproduction of the fittest
whats a major example documenting darwins postulates
medium ground finches show phenotypic change over time that had no human intervention. phenotypic change was result of drought causing seeds to change in size
what did ernst mayr look at
vertebrate evolution
what did thomas huxley do
degree of gradualism, genetic inheritance and expression
what does natural selection act upon
individuals in the population
