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Anatomy > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The palate seperates the ……. & ……. cavities

A

oral & nasal

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2
Q

Name the 2 parts of the palate

A

Hard palate (comprised of bone & non-mobile)
Soft palate (soft tissue including muscle - mobile)

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3
Q

The palate is also known as the …

A

roof of the mouth

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4
Q

Identify the hard & soft palate

A
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5
Q

Identify the Palatine Rugae = (fold or wrinkle)

A
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6
Q

Idetify the Incisive papilla overlying incisive fossa

A
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7
Q

Identify the Palatine raphe

A
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8
Q

The hard palate continues posteriorly into the ……. palate

A

soft

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9
Q

Identify the Uvula (pear shaped projection) and Soft palate

A
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10
Q

Identify the Tensor (tighten) veli palitini

A

Origin: sphenoid bone
Function: Tense the soft palate for swallowing or yawning

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11
Q

Identify the Levator (lifts something) veli Palatini

A

Origin: part of the temporal bone
Function: elevates the soft palate above the neutral position
If you say ah and the muscle on each side is functioning normally the palate elevates evenly

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12
Q

Identify the Palatopharyngeus muscle

A

origin: superior surface of the palatine
Function: depress the soft palate & elevate the pharynx (throat)

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13
Q

Idenitify the Palatoglossus muscle

A

Origin: inferior surface of the palatine
At the lateral margine of the tongue
Function: depress the palate & elevate back of tongue

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14
Q

Identify the Musculus Uvulae

A

Connective tissue of the uvula
Function: elevates and retracts uvula
thickens the central region of soft palate
Close the pharngeal isthmus

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15
Q

Explain the Oral Vestibule

A

space external to the teeth and gums and between the cheeks

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16
Q

Explain the Oral Cavity proper

A

Superior: Hard palate & soft palate
Inferior: Tounge
Anterior & Lateral: teeth and alveolar arches
Posterior: palatoglossal (behind Uvula & look like Big M)

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17
Q

Identify this feature of the oral vestibule

A

Labial Frenula (attach the lips to the gum between upper and lower two front teeth)

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18
Q

Identify this feature fo the oral vestibule

A

Superior Labial Frenula

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19
Q

Identify the Palatoglossal (mouth/palate + tounge) arch

A

Anterior to Uvule > mouth + tounge arch

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20
Q

Identify the Palatopharnyngeal (mouth/palate +throat) arch

A

Posterior the Uvula > mouth + throat arch

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21
Q

Identify the Palatine tonsil

A

Palate = mouth > ‘mouth tonsil’ that sits inbetween the palatoglossal and the palatopharnygeal arches.

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22
Q

What is this image showing?

A

Posterior wall of pharnyx

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23
Q

What is this image of

A

Ithmus of fauces (inbetween the arches & includes the tonsils) It is the narrowing of the throat

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24
Q

Identify this muscle and function

A

Muscle of Uvulae - elveatve the soft palate

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25
Q

Identify this muscle (palate + tounge)

A

Palatoglossus muscle

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26
Q

What are the functions of the tongue

A

Taste
Articulation
Mastication (chewing)
Deglutition (swallowing) >packs food into bolus > moves bolus into pharynx

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27
Q

What does the intrinsic muscles movement do?

A

Change shape of tongue

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28
Q

Identify and explain the root of the tongue

A

Anchors the tongue to the mandible

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29
Q

What do the extrinsic tongue musles do?

A

anchor and move tongue

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30
Q

What is this V shape feture of the tongue (between bumps)?

A

Terminal sulcus (groove) of the tongue

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31
Q

What are these features of the tongue?

A

Vallute papillae (small and rounded)

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32
Q

What feature does this dot represent?

A

Foramen (hole) cecum of tongue (midline of body of tongue)

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33
Q

Identify the Palatine and Lingual Tonsils

A

Palatine (between the arches)
Lingual (behind tongue)

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34
Q

What is this feature of the tongue?

A

Longitudinal Central (median) sulcus (groove)
It diveides the tongue into left and right halvesamen
Runs from the foramen (hole) tp the tip (apex) of the tongue

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35
Q

Identify this feature

A

Palatine tonsil (between the palatoglossal and palatppharynx arches of the oral cavity)

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36
Q

Identify this feature behind the tongue

A

Epiglottis (epi = outer + glottis =mouth of windpipe)
Attached to the larynx and acts as a flap covering the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the respitatory tract

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37
Q

Identify the features

A
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38
Q

What extrinsic tongue muscle is identified?

A

Styloglossus (attache to the styloid process / glossus = tounge) > upwards and backwards (retract)

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39
Q

What extrinsic tongue muscle is identified? (anchor & move)

A

Geniglossul (geni=chin > triangular in shape) protude and depress the tongue

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40
Q

Name the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles (anchor & move)

A

Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyologlossus

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41
Q

What extrinsic tongue muscle is identified? (anchor & move)

A

Hyloglossus muscle (relationship to the Hyoid bone) (depress tongue)

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42
Q

What extrinsic tongue muscle is identified? (anchor & move)

A

Palatoglossus (relationship with soft palate) muscle - evelates the toungs and clsoes off oropharynx

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43
Q

What intrinsic tongue muscle is this? (alter shape)

A

Superior (top) longitudinal (long) muscle > shortens tongue

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44
Q

What intrinsic tongue muscle is this? (alter shape)

A

Inferior (toward feet) longitudinal (long) muscle

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45
Q

What intrinsic tongue muscle is this? (alter shape)

A

Vertical muscle > (looks like a fan) flatten and widen tonuge

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46
Q
A
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47
Q

What intrinsic tongue muscle is this? (alter shape)

A

Transverse muscle (sits above inferior and below superior = middle transverse muscle)

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48
Q

Identify the muscles of the tounge (sagittal view)

A
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49
Q

Identify the muscles of the tounge (coronal view)

A
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50
Q

The shape of the cheek is formed by what muscle?

A

Buccinator muscle

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51
Q

Functions of the tongue in speech

A

Articulator of speech
modifies the shape of the oral cavity
acts as valvel to inhibit flow of air

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52
Q

The 6 step process of the digestive system includes … I.D.P.S.A.D.

A

Ingestion > swallowing process (deglutition)
Digestion > mechanical and chemical breakdown (bolus)
Propulsion > movement through GI tract via P & S
Secretion > release of compounds into digestive system
Absorption > transport of nutrients from the digestive systme to circulatory
Defecation > eliminations

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53
Q

Propulsion includes what movements (involuntary)

A

Peristalis - muscular wave contraction
Segmentation - back-an-forth churning > breaks down & mixes food

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54
Q

The Pharynx connects the

A

Oral cavity proper to the esophagus

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55
Q

The pharynx can be divided into 3 regions

A

Nasopharynx (not part of the digestive tract)
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx aka hypopharynx

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56
Q

What part of the pharyanx is highlighted

A

Oropharynx

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57
Q

Where does the Laryngopharynx aka hypopharynx start?

A

Appoximately level of the hyoid bone

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58
Q

What part of the pharyanx is highlighted?

A

Laryngopharynx aka hypopharynx

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59
Q

The Laryngopharynx is a passage way for

A

both food/drink bolus and air

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60
Q

The Epiglottis has an important role in guiding

A

down the correct tubes = food > esophagus and air=larynx

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61
Q

The glottal and Supra-glottal are?

A

Sound source part of the larynx responsible for speech

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62
Q

Important structures for articulation include

A

lips
teeth
tongue
had palate
soft palate
cheeks
jaw

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63
Q

Identify the blue box facial features

A

Root
Bridge
Naris
Angle of mouth
Tubercle of upper lip
Tip or Apex

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64
Q

The Facues is the

A

Arched opening at the back of mouth leadning to the pharynx

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65
Q

The Suprahyoid muscles are referred to as accessory muscles of mastication and include:

A

Geniohyoid (geni =chin)
Mylohyoid (mylo=molars)

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66
Q

Is this the genihyoid or mylohyoid muscle

A

Geniohyoid (stright muscle) also attaches to the Hyoid bone
depresses mandible and helps open the mouth and pulls the hyoid bone forward and up during swallowing

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67
Q

Is this the genihyoid of mylohyoid muscle

A

Mylohyoid (fan to molars)
Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth and depresses mandible
Attached too hyoid bone

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68
Q

The tongue has what type of muscles?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

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69
Q

What passes through the Nasopharynx > air and/or food & drink?

A

Air only > nasal cavity (air)

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70
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Part of the respitory system and carries air into and out of the lungs (windpipe)

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71
Q

What is the oesophagus system?

A

Part of digestive system and carries food and drink from mouth to stomach

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72
Q

Ingestion is an important entrance for …… & …… into the body, and the early stages of the ………….. process (deglutition)

A

food & drink
Swallowing

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73
Q

The Larynx is the ?

A

Voicebox

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74
Q

The Epiglottis is behind the

A

Tounge

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75
Q

The functions of the oral cavity & associted structures include:

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Sensory perception (food)
  3. Mechanical & chemical digestion (mastication, lubrication & enzymatic breakdown of food bt amylase in the saliva)
  4. Passageway (communication between the digestive & respiratory tracts
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76
Q

The isthmus of the facues is formed by

A

Palatglossal
palatphayrngeal
palatin tonsils
Uvula

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77
Q

Identify the arches

A

Palatoglossal
Palatophyarngeal

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78
Q

Identify the oral cavity regions

A

A. oral Vestibule (between the teeth and cheeks)
B. Oral cavity proper

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79
Q

The roof of the mouth anterior includes

A

palatine bones (paired)
maxillae (paired)

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80
Q

The roof of the mouth posterior includes

A

soft palate (velum)

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81
Q

The Mylohyoid muscle

A

Majority of the floor of the mouth and support the salivary glands

82
Q

Identify the Superior labial frenulum and Inferior labial frenulum

A

Top = Superior Labial (lips) Frenulum (thin connection)
Bottom = Inferior Labial Frenulum

83
Q

Identify the coloured muscles of the the cheek (lateral)

A

Yellow = buccinator
Green = Obicularis

84
Q

Identify the 3 x labial features

A

Top = Superior labial frenum
Bottom = Inferior labial frenum
Under the tounge = frenulum (thin) linguae (tongue)

85
Q

Saliva

A

97-99% water
mucin
enzymes = amylase (digestive) and lysozyme (restricts microorganism growth)
speech production
taste

86
Q

What salivary gland is this?

A

sublingual gland
produce a mucous

87
Q

Review Mylohyoid muscle

A

sits Inferior to sublingual gland

88
Q

Review the geniohyoid muscle

A

sits inferior to the mylohyoid muscle

89
Q

Review the stylohyoid (=arch) muscle

90
Q

What salivary gland is this?

A

submandibular (madi = mandible > triangle of neck)
Floor of mouth
Approx 70% saliva

91
Q

What salivary gland is this?

A

The Parotid gland - largest salivary gland (borders the masseter muscle)
The Parotid Duct can be felt inside the cheek
Inferior to the zygomatic arch
approx 25% saliva
rich in amylase

92
Q

The submandibular gland floor is made up of the mylohyoid muscle

93
Q

identify this duct

A

Sublingual caruncle and opening of submandular duct

94
Q

Incisors teeth are for

A

Biting, cutting and shearing food

95
Q

Canines are for

A

Ripping or tearing

96
Q

Premolars + molars are for

A

chewing, crushing and grinding

97
Q

What are the 3 regions of a tooth structure

A

Crown > covered by enamel
neck > small region between crown & root
root > calcified tissue

98
Q

What area of the tooth is shown

99
Q

What are of the tooth structure is shown

A

Cementum (cement to hold tooth in gum)

100
Q

What area of the tooth is shown

A

Dentin (under the enamel and support the enamel)

101
Q

What area of the tooth is shown

A

Pulp cavity/chamber > rich in nerves & blood vessels

102
Q

What area of the tooth is shown

A

Root canal

103
Q

Surface of teeth directional reference
>Distal

A

Away from midline (front) of face

104
Q

Surface of teeth directional reference
>Mesial

A

Surface closet to midline (front of mouth)

105
Q

Surface of teeth directional reference
>Buccal

A

Surface toward cheek (over last 5 teeth)

106
Q

Surface of teeth directional reference
>Labial

A

Front lips (over the first 3 teeth)

107
Q

Surface of teeth directional reference
>Lingual

A

Surface that faces the tongue

108
Q

Deciduous teeth are

109
Q

Permanent teeth

A

Secondary (e.g. pre-molars)

110
Q

What is occlusion

A

relationship between upper and lower teeth - when in contact e.g. chewing

111
Q

What is malocclusion

A

overbite and underbite - jaw (difficulty achieving lip seal)

112
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Orbicularis oculi - to wink

113
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Lacrimal part of orbicularis

114
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

gator superchilii - pulls eyebrows

115
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Oribital part of the orbicularis oculi

116
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Palpebral part of orbicularis occuli

117
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

118
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Transverse part of nasalis (narrows nostrils)

119
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Alar part of the nostril > flares

120
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Procerus (activate when you smell something unpleasent)

121
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Depressor septi nasi

122
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Obicularis oris (whistle or blow bubbles)

123
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Buccinator > forms the muscular base of cheek

124
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Levator labii alaeque nasi

125
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Levator labii superioris (evelates upper lip)

126
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Zygomaticus minor = pulls corners of mouth upwards and outwards (smile)

127
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Zygomatic major

128
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Levator anguli oris = lifts corners of mouth (smile)

129
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Risorius (laughter)

130
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Depressor anguli oris (sad face)

131
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Depressor labii inferioris = pulls lip lower and downward

132
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Mentalis (pout lip)

133
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Occipital frontalis (surprised movements)

134
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Platysama (tense skin of neck & depress lower lip)

135
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Auicularis anterior muscle

136
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Auricularis posterior muscle

137
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Auricularis superior muscle

138
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Levator anguli oris muscle

139
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major

140
Q

Where does the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) join?

A

Joins temporal bone and Mandible
Main movements of the mandible at TMJ

141
Q

Elevation and depression TMJ movement (saggital plane)

A

Elevtion - lifting superiorly
Depression - moving body part inferiorly

142
Q

Protraction and Retraction TMJ movement (saggital plane)

A

Protraction - moving body part anteriorly
Retraction - moving body part in the posterr direction

143
Q

Moving the mandile left and right - lateral movements

A

side-to-side

144
Q

What skull bone is this?

145
Q

What part of the jaw is hihglighter

A

Alvelor - anchors the lower teeth

146
Q

What skull bone is this?

147
Q

What skull bone is this?

A

Mental Foreman

148
Q

What skull bone is this?

A

Ramus of the Mandible

149
Q

What gland is highlighted?

A

Parotid gland

150
Q

What is identifed in the image?

A

Angle of the mandilble

151
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The Coronoid process (important attachment site for the temporalis and masseter muscles

152
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The mandiblular notch

153
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Condylar process > works with the squamous part of the temporal bone
The tip of the condylar process is know as the head of the mandible and connects to the TMJ (condyle=knuckle)

154
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The Temporalmandibular joint TMJ

155
Q

What does the TMJ connect

A

Connects the ramus of the mandible to the neurocranium when the mouth is opened and closed

156
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Articular disk sits in the TMJ that allows for protraction and retraction and elevation and depression

157
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Neck of the mandible that is inferior to the condylar process

158
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Pterygoid fovea of mandible (wing) and provides a distal attachment site for the lateral pterygoid muscle

159
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

The masseter muscle (one of the muscles of mastication)

160
Q

What bone is highlighted?

A

Ethmoid bone

161
Q

What bone is highlighted?

A

Sphenoid bone

162
Q

What bone is highlighted?

A

Inferior nasal concha

163
Q

What bone is highlighted?

A

Lacrimal bone

164
Q

What bone is highlighted?

165
Q

What bone is highlighted?

A

Palatine bone

166
Q

What bone is highlighted?

A

Zygomatic bone

167
Q

What bone is highlighted?

A

Temporal bone

168
Q

Features associated with the condylar process?

A

Head of mandible
Neck of mandible

169
Q

Elevation of the mandible is (sagittal plane)

A

lifting - mouth closed

170
Q

Depression of the mandible (sagittal plane)

A

moving inferiorly

171
Q

Protraction or protrusion (sagittal plane)

A

Jaw moving anteriorly (forward)

172
Q

Retraction or retrusion (sagittal plane)

A

moving posteriorly (backward)

173
Q

Left and right mandible movements (lateral plane)

A

Asymmetrical side-to-side

174
Q

Identify 1 and 2

A
  1. Mandibular Condyle (TMJ connection)
  2. Temporal Fossa
175
Q

Identify the aqua

A

upper joint cavity - protrusion & retrusion
lower joint cavity - elevation & depression

176
Q

identify the blue

A

articular disc - moves by lateral pterygoid

177
Q

identify 1

A

mandibular fossa

178
Q

identify 2

A

articular tubercle

179
Q

Identify 3

A

lateral pterygoid

180
Q

Muscles that depress (hinge) the mandible > initial opening

A

Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid

181
Q

Muscles that drepress the mandible further

A

Digastric
Geniohyoid
External pterygoid

182
Q

Mandible Muscles that support elevation

A

masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid

183
Q

Muscles that support protrusion

A

lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

184
Q

Muscles that support depression

A

Genihyoid
Diagastic
mylohyoid
+ lateral ptygoid

185
Q

muscles that support retraction

A

temporalis
geniohyoid
diagrastic
mylohyoid

186
Q

muscles that suport lateral deviation (side-to-side)

A

lateral ptyergoid
temporalis

187
Q

Identify the 3 root nerves

A

Yellow = sensory root
Green = opthalmic
Blue = maxillary
Red = Mandibular (review mandibular branch)

188
Q

Identify the paired cylindrical muscles that elevates the palate horizontally

A

Levator veli palatini

189
Q

The palatapharyngeal arch guides the bolus of food into the

A

lower pharynx during swallowing (deglutition)

190
Q

Identify the divisions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx (adenoids)
Oropharynx (palatine tonsil, palatopharngeus, Palatoglossus)
Laryngopharynx

191
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Tensor veli palatini > tenses and elevates soft palate

192
Q

Identify the muscle & arrows

A

Musculus uvulae
Levator veli palatini

193
Q

Identify the green

A

Epiglottis > closes off during swallowing to close the larynx the food bolus goes to the oesphagus and not respiratory tract and not to the lungs through the larynx

194
Q

The velum =soft palate closes off the nasopharynx from the

A

osopharynx > control food/drink and air between nasal and pharynx

195
Q

Identify the tonsils and throat features

A

Nasal cavity
hard palate
soft palate
nasopharynx
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Oropharynx
Tongue
Lingual Tonsil
Laryngopharynx

196
Q

Identify the 3 areas of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx > respiration
Oropharynx > respiration & digestion > oral cavity
Laryngopharynx > respiration & digestion > larynx & oesphagus

197
Q

Identify the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor > aids in velopharyngeal closure
middle pharyngeal constrictor > narrows diameter of the pharynx facilitate peristalic movement of the food (wave like)
inferior pharyngeal constrictor > reduces the diameter of the lower pharynx facilitate peristalic movement of the food (wave like)
into = Esophagus

198
Q

Identify the posterior view of the pharyngeal muscles

199
Q

Deglutition =

A

swallowing

Anatomy (18 decks)

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