Respiratory System | Lecture 10 Flashcards
Identify the 6 functions of the upper respiratory system
B.G.A.F.V.O
Breathe = Breathing
Great = Gas exchange
Air = Acid Balance
For = Filters and Protects from pathagens and dehydration
Vibrant = Vocalisation
Oxygen =Olfaction (smell)
Identify the structures of the respiratory tract
Nifty. Nasal. Passageways. Connect. Precisely to Lungs.
Nostril (external nares)
Nasal Cavities
Paranasal sinuses
Choanae (internal nares)
Paharynx (all 3 parts)
Larynx (voice box & adams apple)
Functions of the nasal cavity?
Primary entrance for air
Warms & humidify air
Slows down the air
Starts the filteration through mucus
In the nasal cavity mucus is coated on the …
Nasal Conchae
Function of Olfaction nerves are for …
smell
Location of the the olfaction nerves are …
Superior aspect of the the nasal cavity
What are the 3 main paddles of the Nasal Wall
Superior concha & meatus
Middle concha & meatus
Inferior concha & meatus
What are the functions of the Nasal Conchae
Slow down the breathing in of air, filter & warm air
The Nasal Conchae are covered in …
Mucous
The Conchae are the ……….. structures
Physical Structures
The meatus is the ……. between the Conchae
Space
The nasal cavity region is defined as …
Skull and Soft Palate
What are the anterior, superior and inferior divisions of the Nasal Cavity Wall
Anterior = septal cartlidge
Superior = Ethmoid bone plate
Inferior = Vomer bone
Where is the opening of the auditory tube?
Connection between the nasal cavity and ear
Where is the nasolacrimal duct opening?
Also known as the tear duct carries tears from eye into the inferior nasal meatus
Located under inferior concha
Where is the paranasal sinuses located?
Mostly under conchae
What bones is the paranasal sinus housed in?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid
What are the functions of the paranasal sunuses?
Lightens the bone
produce mucous
Warm & humidify air, slow
small contribution to resonance
Key respiratory function - give time for mucus to het up
The regions of the pharynx include:
Nasopharynx - Skull > soft palate
Oroparynx - Soft palate > Hyoid bone
Larnugopharynx - Hyoid bone > cricoid cartlidge
The nasal pharynx is designed only for …
Air travelling through it
What is the only bone component of the Larynx?
Hyoid bone
What are the 3 main openings - the openings are paired and same on left and right side
Interiorly - paranasal sinues* won’t need to identify this one on a diagram.
Nasolacrimal duct - cancal comes out in the nasal cavity
Identify the opening of the auditory/pharyngotympanic tube
It is the auditory trube into nasopharynx - connection between nasal cavity and the auditory tube
The Larynx starts where the ….
Epiglottis is
The Larynx is a ……. tube and the space between it is called the …..
hollow
Glottis
At the end of the larynx commences the
Trachea - where airway starts
Larynx cartlidges
Epiglottis
Thryriod cartlidge
Cricoid cartlidge
Croniculate cartlidge
Arytenoid cartlidge
Identify the location of the Trachea
The larynx is completely
enclosed and continusously covered in
Bone
Membrane
Cartlidge
Membrane
Cartlidge
Membrane
Cartlidge
Membrane
The cartlidge helps keep airway …… so that it never colapses
Rigid > allows flexibilty with neck movement
Oesphagus is only made from
purley muscular - expands for large bolus
Remember - muscles can only contract and not extend
The Trachea is …….. shaped
U - so the cartlidege onl covers 3/4 of it due to the oesophagus that sits posteriorly and can expand when large bolus goes down using the space at the top of the Trachea
What sits posterior to the Trachea?
Oesophagus
Trachea travels down to
mid sternum
The Trachea branches off at the junction called the
Carina
The Carina is where the Trachea splits in
Two
The benefits of having cartlidge membrane on the Trachea is that if we do need to bypass the respiratory tract - you can do a ….
Tracheostomy
The Tracheas splits at the Carina to the
Bronchi Tree
The 2 primary Bronchi refers to the …
Left and Right lungs
How many secondary bronchi on the right side?
3
How many secondary bronchi on the left side?
2 (due to heart)
Bronchi still has ……. wall but this time it goes ……… the way ……….
………… wall and ………….. all the way around
with the fucntion the same which is to keep the airway open for breathing
What do Bronchioles branch into
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
What is at the end of the Bronchioles?
one has gas exhancge and one doesn’t
What are the functions of the Terminal bronchioles and Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli / sacs (dead end of the road)
What are around the Alveoli sacs?
Mesh of Capillaries - spread all across Alveoli which is the area of gas exchange
What are the major structures of the cardiovascular system?
Blood > fluid connective tissue that is transported in the cardiovas. system
Blood vessels
> Arteries - Carry Blood - Away - from heart
>Capillaries - echange of gases, nutirents &waste products between blood & tissue
> Veins - return blood toward heart
Heart - muscular organ that pumps blood through blood vessels to all body parts
What is the difference between Alveolar duct and Alveolar Sac
Alveolar duct - tunnel going through two Alveolar stuck together
Alveolar sac - at the end by itself
Once oxygen is pulled out of the air and tracvels into capillaries it will merge back to ………… ………….. and travel back to the ……. side of the heart
pumonary veins
left > more specifically the left atrium
How many lobes are on the left lung?
2 lobes - Inferior and superior lobe
How many lobes are on the right lung?
3 lobes - inferior, middle and superior lobe
The primary Bronchi splits the
Left and Right Lung
The Secondary bronchi
Splits the 2 secondary Bronchi lobes in the left lung
3 secondary Bronchi lobes in the right lung
Inferior lobes are
Larger
What divides the secondary lungs
Fissures
The left lung has how many fissures?
1 fissure called an oblique fissure
The right lung has how many fissures?
2 fissure called an oblique and horizontal fissure
The lungs are covered by a serous membrance called
The pleura
The heart is covered by a serous membrane called
The pericardium
>parietal - outer wall
>Visceral - inner wall
Serous membranes are …
Epithelium
Serous fluid is found where?
Between the layers of membrane providing lubrication to allow sliding movements
The visceral pleura sits on the ….. layer of the lungs
inner
adhers to the tissue of the lungs
insensitive to pain
The parietal pleura sit on the ….. layer of the lungs
outer layer that lines the walls of the thoracic cage
sensitive to pain
What is the pleura cavity?
theoretical cavity - very thin layer like the space between two sandwiches.
Jsut want a sandwhihc space with serous fluid
the bronchi tree grows into the water balloon which is why you get almost perfect coating of the
Visceral pleura on the lung
The Pneumothorax is when you get
air inside the pleural cavity due to an injury to the chest wall that will let air in the pleural space
What is fundamental to how we breathe?
The pleura
How do we get air in and out of lungs?
Humans are Negative title breathing - pressure lower than outside and we increase throascis cavity to suck the air from envrionment in and we create this using the diahragm
What type of muscle is the Diaphragm?
Skeletal which means you have active control
Contracts - AIR IN (breathe in) - the diaphragm pulls down - making thorasic cavity a bigger space and pull air in from envrionment to lungs
Shorten - push down - top is attached to parietal pleura (outside of lung) and increase the plural cavity/space - pull on visceral pleura like a syringe - expand the Alveolar sacs and as you increase the volume of the space in the lungs you decrease the pressure
Chemisty: as you increase the volume of a space you are going to decrease the pressure (coffee container)
Relaxation - Air OUT - diaphragm moves up
making space smaller by relaxing Diaphragm - pressure increase and push air out of lungs and is why we can blow out a candle out
Costal breathing is moving your
Elevating ribs Ribs
Diaphragmatic breathing …….. the thoracic cavity
expands (breath in)
Thoracic cavity includes
thorax (chest) that contains heart lungs and diaphragm
How does the thorax move?
Lke a bucket handle - push out laterally
How do the ribs move?
Like a pump handle - breathe in handle goes down - breathe out handle goes up
