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Ancient Religions > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define the concept of Hypsistos:

A
  • The fact that different civilizations all worship very similar deities leads to a belief in a common single Supreme Being
  • Ex. The reverence of Zeus is at one with that of Ra
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2
Q

What are 5 notable attributes of Revolutionary Monotheism?

A
  • NOT evolving directly from polytheism
  • Counter-religious movement
  • Rejects folklike religion
  • Hierarchical; top down
  • Canonization: This truth cannot be relived naturally without the codification for future worshippers
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3
Q

What is one blaming-point every monotheism needs?

A
  • Monotheism always needs a construction of “the other” to justify and rally it’s power
  • Ex. the Pagan within
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4
Q

In short, Revolutionary monotheism centres around:

A

The power of the Elite

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5
Q

How do most Revolutionary Monotheists interpret theology, and it’s link to justice?

A
  • The supreme god is not only just, but JUSTICE itself
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6
Q

Ancient Egyptian priests were organized into groups called:

A

Phyles

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7
Q

Each Phyle was assigned a __________ and an __________

A

Name and animal emblem

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8
Q

What was the largest Egyptian temple?

A

Amun at Karnak

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9
Q

What was the official name for the Egyptian pantheon?

A

The Great Ennead

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10
Q

Which Egyptian city had its own separate Ennead (that coexisted with the pre-established general one)?

A

Heliopolis

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11
Q

Cults in Egypt are first attested to in the period of the ___________.

A

Middle Kingdom

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12
Q

What duties did cult membership entail in Egypt?

A
  • Delivering food, aromatic resins, money, drinks, etc. to the temples
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13
Q

What were the priests of Ka?

A
  • Private mortuary priests hired by families to performed frequent rituals at a deceased loved one’s tomb.
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14
Q

What was the Parsu?

A

The essential laws and offices of Mesopotamian civilization, Aetiologically derived from the primordial mother, Nammu

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15
Q

What was the chief priest in Syro-Canaanite cultures called?

A

Rb (predecessor to rabbi?)

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16
Q

True or False: Syro-Canaanite cults often owned real estate.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Describe Syro-Canaanite cult practices:

A
  • Essentially a funerary and dinner party club
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18
Q

Jewish schools to train scribes began in the _______ Temple Period.

A

First Temple Period

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19
Q

In what century AND where was the first ever synagogue established?

A

3rd century BC in Egypt

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20
Q

True or False: Jerusalem was the only place where early Jews could sacrifice.

A

TRUE

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21
Q

What was the Hittite king’s role in cult activities?

A
  • Chief Priest of all state cults
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22
Q

True or False: Upkeep of Hittite temples was a state business.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

How did Zoroastrian priests get their position?

A

Hereditarily

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24
Q

What types of Cults existed in Ancient Greece?

A
  • Family level, Municipal level, State level, International level, etc.etc.etc.
  • They were omnipresent and existed in every single fold and level of society
25
Q

True or False: ALL volunteer organizations in Ancient Greece were listed as “cult association”.

A

TRUE

Why? Because they always had some religious component, no matter what

26
Q

Ancient Greek cult meetings occurred every ______

A

month

27
Q

What were the 4 stages of a Greek cult meeting?

A
  1. Sacrifice
  2. Procession
  3. Prayers
  4. Feast
28
Q

What did Greek cults do with the real estate they owned?

A
  • Used it to privately bury their members
29
Q

What was the women only festival in Athens?

A

Thesmophoria

30
Q

What were the Collegias?

A
  • Collegias were Roman “clubs” essentially, both religious and lay
  • They were permitted so long as they met maximum once a month and abided by the law
  • Caesar abolished all lay collegias except those that had significant seniority
31
Q

Who disbanded all lay collegias that did not have sufficient age?

A

Caesar

32
Q

What type of collegias were very popular for poor and middle class Romans?

A
  • Collegia Funeraticia (Funerary clubs)
  • Why? Being a member was one of the few ways to receive a respectable burial and funeral as a poorer citizen.
33
Q

What were the 4 priestly collegias in Rome?

A
  1. Pontificiales
  2. Augurales
  3. Quimdeciviri sacris faciundis
  4. Septemviri Epulones
34
Q

True or False: The Bacchiadae cult was banned in Rome.

A

FALSE

Contrary to popular conception, the Bacchiadae cult was not banned outright, but rather, heavily limited in new cultic decrees, and thus, fizzled out overtime.

35
Q

Why did early Christianity draw bad attention from the Romans?

A
  • Because it operated completely outside traditional parameters of organized religion (different organization, different moral expectation for adherents, different hierarchy, etc.)
36
Q

In which century did monarchial episcopacy begin to rise?

A

2nd century AD

37
Q

By the __ century AD, Bishops were advising Emperors.

A

4th century AD

38
Q

What are rituals?

A

Repeated actions and words that will influence the divine in a way that is predictable and useful for humans.

39
Q

Which civilization has the best records on their rituals?

A

Greece

40
Q

What are 5 common intercultural rituals of the ancient world?

A
  • Processions
  • Purifications
  • Old/New Year festivals
  • Scapegoating
  • Aetiological myths

Acronym SOAPP

41
Q

How was communal impurity purified in Ancient Israel?

A
  • Scapegoat ceremony
  • Two goats were brought up
  • One was sacrificed for the sins of the community (instead of sacrificing the community itself)
  • Similar to the Idea of the sacrificial lamb
42
Q

What 2 things caused a personal impurity in ancient Israel?

A
  • Cultic defilement (ex. touching a corpse)
  • Amoral activities (ex. bribery)
43
Q

What kind of animals are used for blood sacrifices?

A
  • Always an unblemished animal
  • No blisters, growths, birth marks, etc.
44
Q

What is the etymology of the word Sacrifice?

A
  • Sacrificus: To cut off from this world
45
Q

What is a Tithe?

A
  • The practice of giving 1/10th of your annual income to your local temple
46
Q

What is an often common means of transporting offerings to a god?

A
  • Burning
  • (ex. burning a wooden picture of the god to honour him)
47
Q

What were Egyptian sacrificial victims often deemed as?

A
  • The Enemy
    (i.e supporters of Seth)
  • Sacrifice is a victory over evil
48
Q

What does the Eye of Horus represent?

A
  • Health and completeness
  • Why? It made Horus complete again after he lost his eye fighting Seth
49
Q

What is different about the nature of most Mesopotamian offerings?

A
  • They mostly did bloodless food offerings (i.e. bread)
  • Blood sacrifices were seemingly reserved for higher status individuals
50
Q

How many times a day would Mesopotamian landowners give offerings to the gods?

A

Twice a day

51
Q

True or False: All offerings in Mesopotamia were owned by the god it was given to, but retained the name of the original owner.

A

TRUE

52
Q

Were the Syro-Canaanites picky with which animal they sacrificed ?

A

Not at all –> No animal is deemed unworthy of sacrifice

53
Q

True or False: There were child sacrifices in ancient Israel.

A

TRUE

54
Q

True or False: The Israelites were super strict with what animals could be sacrificed.

A

TRUE

  • NO pigs
  • Animal had to be unblemished
55
Q

How did the Israelites transport the sacrificial animal to the gods?

A
  • Through Holocaust (Greek word for the complete burning of something) of the meat and blood at the altar.
56
Q

True or False: Israelite sacrifices gave vows to YHWH in return for NOTHING.

A

TRUE

57
Q

True or False: In Israelite sacrificial ceremonies, the meat is always eaten by those participating.

A

FALSE

  • Only in well-being sacrifices do all people get to eat the meat
  • In reparation sacrifices, only the priests get to eat the meat
58
Q

During which kind of ceremonies did laypersons have the privilege to consume the sacrificial meat in Ancient Israel?

A

Wellbeing ceremonies

Ancient Religions (8 decks)

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