Week 3 Flashcards
Diseases associated with nocturnal cough?
Asthma
Heart failure
Investigations for tuberculosis ?
Sputum M/c/s
Gene x-pat
Tuberculin test
Chest X-ray
Sputum acid-fast bacilli
Findings for chest X-ray in a tuberculosis patient ?
Ghon focus
Pleural effusion
Caseating granuloma cavity
Caseating granuloma:
Non-Caseating granuloma cavity:
Tuberculosis
Sarcoidosis
Investigations for cough
Fbc
ESR
Sputum mcs
Chest X-ray
Pulmonary function tests
Echo
ECG
Natriuetic peptides
Liquid swallowing issues: ________ problem
Solid swallowing issues : ______ problem
Nerve
Mechanical
If closing one eye removes double vision, _________ problem, ____________ diplopia
If after closing one eye, double vision persists, _________ problem , _________ diplopia
Nerve; Binocular
Opthalmic; monocular
Proximal weakness: _____ or _______
Distal weakness : ___________
Muscle or NMJ
NERVE
Fasciculations
Upper or Lower motor neuron symptom
Lower
Main muscle enzyme is????
Creatine kinase
Thunderclap headache = ???
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Variable airways obstruction due to ———— is very often worse at night and in the early morning.
asthma
Tuberculosis can lead to bronchiectasis
T/F
T
Pseudobulbar palsy, also known as ______________________ disorder, is a condition that affects your ability to ______________________(__________) .
involuntary emotional expression
control of the muscles in your face (including your jaw)
In pseudobulbar palsy, The tongue and your throat are not affected
T/F
F
They can be
Bulbar palsy vs pseudobulbar palsy
Unlike _______ motor neuron bulbar palsy, in pseudobulbar palsy, there is _____________________ of the affected muscles. Moreover, in bulbar palsy, _________ are not affected.
lower
No atrophy or fasciculations
emotions
Cerebrovascular disease
This is the commonest cause of pseudobulbar palsy, involving ___________. Typically there is a history of a ________, that is _________ or ________ in one cerebral hemisphere followed by recovery and later a __________affecting the other cerebral hemisphere.
both cerebral hemispheres
stroke
infarction ; haemorrhage
second stroke
Bulbar palsy involves problems with function of the _________,_____,______,_________ nerves
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), the vagus nerve (CN X), the accessory nerve (CN XI), and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
Pseudobulbar palsy is due to ________ motor lesion caused by ____lateral disturbance of the __________ tracts.
an upper ; bi
corticobulbar
Pseudobulbar palsy is characterized by ________,_________,__________, and ________ lability.
dysarthria, dysphagia, facial and tongue weakness, and emotional
________________________ (NOACs) include ___________ , which inhibits _________, and ________,________,________,_________ , which inhibit __________
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
dabigatran; thrombin
apixaban, betrixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban
factor Xa
List the cranial nerves
Olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII),
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
vagus nerve (CN X)
accessory nerve (CN XI)
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
__________________________ tube ( PEG tube)
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Types of spirometers
Basic incentive
Professional
Digital peak flow meter
Types of prophylaxis?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quartenary
Primary Prophylaxis – In this process , ___________ or ____________ to diseases happen. These diseases ____________________ in the individual.
prevention or increasing resistance
have not yet occurred
Secondary Prophylaxis – This is done to _____________________________________ in a patient.
prevent the recurrence of a disease that has already occurred
Tertiary Prophylaxis – This prophylaxis is done to ________________________ . Such diseases might induce ____-lasting effects.
reduce the impact of chronic diseases
long
Quaternary Prophylaxis – The main idea of this prophylaxis is that __________________ should be avoided for patients who ______________________________________.
excessive medical treatment
do not seem to benefit from medical treatments.
Therapies in stroke rehabs
???
List 4
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Mental/cognitive therapy
Speech therapy
Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin
VS
Simvastatin
Mention 2
When used at a higher dose, rosuvastatin and atorvastatin produce a bigger reduction in cholesterol than the other statins.
nother advantage to rosuvastatin is that it has far fewer negative interactions with other medications than simvastatin, or most other statins, for that matter.
List the high intensity statins
Rosuvastatins
Atorvastatins
With recognition that neprilysin inhibition by itself is __________ and that the combination of neprilysin and ACE inhibition is _______________, the combination of ———————- and neprilysin inhibition was proposed as a safer and more effective option because ARBs do not
ineffective
associated with an increased risk of angioedema
angiotensin receptor
When using ACEi, you need to observe ________ period of ________ before starting neprilysin /Angiotensin inhibitors
wash out
36houre
