EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE

Question 1

Most nutrients are absorbed in the ________ part of the small intestine via ________ aided by specialised enzymes and transporters, while _________ and ________ are absorbed in the ______ ileum.

Answer 1

proximal; villi

bile salts and vitamin B12 ; distal

Question 2

• The end product of SI absorption is _____L of indigestible residue that is delivered into the colon.

Answer 2

1.5

Question 3

The proximal colon ___________ from the stool, while the distal colon ____________ (____-______ mL) from the rectum.
•

Answer 3

absorbs fluid

expels the stool

100–200

Question 4

The colon possesses a large amount of bacteria whose function includes ___________ of ___________

Answer 4

fermentation of undigested carbohydrates.

Question 5

SOME COMMON GIT DISEASES
• Impaired digestion and absorption: _________ deficiency, _________, _________ disease, SI bacterial overgrowth, _________ disease.

• Altered secretion: _________, _________, intestinal viral/bacterial infections.

• Altered gut transit: oesophageal _________, _________ disease, tumours, _________, gastroparesis, hyperthyroidism, __________________

Answer 5

lactase deficiency, chronic pancreatitis, Coeliac disease, Crohn disease.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, atrophic gastritis

oesophageal strictures, Crohn disease, achalasia, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Question 6

SOME COMMON GIT DISEASES

• Immune dysregulation: _________________, __________ disease.

• Neoplasms: cancers
.
• Disorders without obvious organic abnormalities: IBS, __________, __________.

Answer 6

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Coeliac disease.

functional dyspepsia, functional heartburn.

Question 7

Heartburn: a _______ sensation, located ____________________ , from excess _____________________________

Answer 7

burning

behind the sternum

gastro-oesophageal acid reflux.

Question 8

SYMPTOMS OF GIT DISEASE
List 6

Answer 8

• Abdominal pain
• Heartburn
• Nausea and vomiting
•Altered bowel habits
• Jaundice
•GI bleedinv

Question 9

Jaundice:

• Pre-hepatic: ____________
• Intra-hepatic: ___________
• Post-hepatic: ___________,__________, neoplasms

Answer 9

haemolysis

liver disease

choledocholithiasis, biliary strictures