HIV/ AIDS

Question 1

The virus was initially called ______________________________ and ___________________ (US) until 1986 when the term HIV was coined.

Answer 1

lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV- Fr)

HTLV-III

Question 2

The high risk groups involving __________________, ________________ and ______________ users contribute substantially to new infections.

Answer 2

female sex workers

men who have sex with men

injecting drug

Question 3

HIV is a _____ virus, a member of the _______ genus, and of the family ————-.

◦ The hallmark is the error prone ___________________!

Answer 3

RNA; Lentivirus; Retroviridae

reverse-transcription

Question 4

2 types of HIV have been described:

◦ HIV-1:Causes majority of world-wide infections,(more or less?) infectious and virulent. From the common ________ and ________

◦HIV-2: (Lower or Higher ?) infectivity & virulence ,linked to __________ . From the sooty mangabey monkeys.

Answer 4

More; chimpanzee&gorillas.

Lower; west Africa

Question 5

The HIV virion is an ___________ structure, with the following components:

◦Envelope: composed of 2 major proteins (_______,______ ), &a lipid bilayer (derived from ______________ )

◦Amatrix(______) which is beneath the env,& surrounds the _______ capsid.

◦Thecapsid, which encloses 2copies ofsingle-stranded RNA &viral enzymes ( _______,________,________, and ___________)

Answer 5

icosahedral

gp120&gp41; hostcell membrane

p17; conical

RT,protease, integrase, &ribonucleases

Question 6

HIV-1 is sub-classified into ____ groups based on env proteins: _________________

HIV-2 has _____ grps( __________).

________ (major) is the most prevalent globally, and is further divided into > ____ sub -types/ clades(A,B,C,D,F,G,H, J, &K).

Answer 6

4; M, N, O, & P.

8; A-H

M; 9

Question 7

HIV is transmitted primarily by:
i. _________________
ii. ____________ and ____________
iii. ___________ and ___________

Answer 7

Sexual contact

Blood and blood products

Infected mothers to infants

Question 8

Co-factors to HIV sexual Transmission

i. __________________
ii.__________ disease
iii. ____________ status

Answer 8

High HIVRNAviral load

Genital ulcer

Male circumcision

Question 9

The hallmark of HIV is progressive quantitative & qualitative ______________________ despitepolyclonal immuneactivation.

Answer 9

loss of the CD+ T cell,

Question 10

CD4+T-cell depletion is thought to be due to

◦ _________ and ___________ by HIV
◦ ______________ of infectedCD4cells
◦ cell death associated with ____________
◦Immune exhaustion due to aberrant cellularactivation

Answer 10

Directinfection&destruction

Immuneclearance

aberrant immune activation

Question 11

Pathophysiology II
Visions are transported across mucosal barriers by _________ - type DCs , usually facilitated by mucosal disruptions (e.g. STDs, trauma, etc).

_______________ cells disseminate thevirus to LNs & other lymphoid tissue(e.g. GALT), where large no of CD4 cells lead to ___________________

Answer 11

langerhans

Submocosal CD4

burst of high viremia

Question 12

Rate of disease progression is not determined by ___________ , but by the viral set point after ≈ ______

Answer 12

initial viremia

1 yr.

Question 13

The sequence of events in u n t r e a t e d HI V i n f e c t i o n : -

◦ 1 ◦ 2 ◦ 3 ◦ 4
◦ 5 ◦ 6

Answer 13

◦ Primaryinfection ◦ Serologiclatency ◦ Sero-conversion ◦ Clinical latency
◦ EarlysymptomaticHIVinfection ◦ AdvancedHIVinfection