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Anatomy & Physiology > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

origin

A

the stationary bone

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2
Q

insertion

A

the bone that moves

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3
Q

frontalis

A

wrinkles the forehead and lifts eyebrows

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4
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

closes eye (winking), pumps tears from the eye

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5
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes and protrudes lips (kissing), orofacial functions

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6
Q

zygomaticus

A

raises corner of mouth (smiling)

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7
Q

masseter

A

closes jaw; chewing

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8
Q

buccinator

A

chewing (holds cheeks to teeth)

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9
Q

temporalis

A

closes the jaw

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10
Q

epicranial aponeurosis

A

tough layer of dense fibrous connective tissue covering the skull. Connects the frontalis to the occipitalis

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11
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

depress corners of the mouth (frowning)

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12
Q

platysma

A

facial expressions, accessory muscle for respiration

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13
Q

zygomatic major and minor

A

control facial expressions

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14
Q

external oblique

A

compresses the abdomen and rotates the trunk (think hands in pockets analogy)

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15
Q

rectus abdominis

A

flexes spine; compresses abdomen

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16
Q

pectoralis major

A

flexes and adducts arm ventrally (pulls arm across chest)

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17
Q

deltoid

A

abducts and moves arm up and down in front

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18
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexes forearm and rotates hand outward

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19
Q

adductor longus

A

adducts and flexes thigh

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20
Q

iliopsoas

A

flexes thigh at hip joint

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21
Q

sartorius

A

raises and rotates thigh and leg

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22
Q

what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris group

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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23
Q

peroneous longus

A

everts foot

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24
Q

tibilias anterior

A

dorsiflexes and inverts foot

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25
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

flexes toes

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26
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

extends toes

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27
Q

occipitalis

A

moves scalp backward

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28
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

turns head to the side; flexes neck and head, tilting head and turning neck

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29
Q

trapezius

A

extends head, raises scapula as when shrugging shoulder

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30
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

extends and adducts arm dorsally (pulls arm across back)

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31
Q

triceps brachii

A

extends forearm

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32
Q

flexor carpi group

A

flexes forearm

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33
Q

extensor carpi group

A

extends hand

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34
Q

flexor digitorum

A

flexes fingers

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35
Q

extensor digitorum

A

extends fingers

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36
Q

gluteus medius

A

abducts the thigh

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37
Q

gluteus maximus

A

extends the thigh

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38
Q

gluteus minimus

A

abducts the thigh

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39
Q

muscles of the hamstring group

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

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40
Q

semitendinosus

A

flexes the leg and extends the thigh

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41
Q

semimembranosus

A

flexes the leg and extends the thigh

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42
Q

biceps femoris

A

flexes the leg and extends the thigh

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43
Q

gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexes the foot (tiptoe), plantar flexion of leg and the knee joint

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44
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition characterized by loss of bone density, associated with levels of sex hormones and diet

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45
Q

osteoarthritis

A

form of degenerative joint disease which is the result of the loss of cartilage in the synovial joint

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46
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints

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47
Q

fibromyalgia

A

chronic, widespread pain of the muscles in the neck, shoulders, back and hips. Cause is unknown

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48
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

disease that causes weakening of the muscles, has a strong genetic component. It is X- linked disorder affecting more males than females

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49
Q

how many muscles are in the body

A

about 604

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50
Q

what are the functions of the muscular system

A

create movement, move food through digestive system, move blood through the body, produce heat, protect inner organs

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51
Q

three muscle types

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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52
Q

skeletal muscle

A

voluntary, striated, multinucleated

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53
Q

cardiac muscle

A

involuntary, striated, has intercalated discs, single nucleated

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54
Q

smooth mucles

A

involuntary, non-striated, spindle shaped cells

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55
Q

ligament connect what

A

bone to bone

56
Q

tendons connect what

A

muscle to bone

57
Q

risorius

A

draws up the angle of the mouth

58
Q

mentalis

A

stability to lower lip, allows pouting

59
Q

corrugator supercili

A

movement of the eyebrows, frowning

60
Q

levator labii superioris

A

facial expressions, movement of mouth and upper lip

61
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses and everts lower lip

62
Q

levator scapulae

A

elevate the scapula

63
Q

rhomboid major and minor

A

retract, elevate, and rotate scapula
attach scap to spine

64
Q

acromion process of scapula

A

point of attachment for the deltoid muscle

65
Q

infraspinatus

A

rotate the shoulder joint and humerus

66
Q

serratus anterior

A

pull the scapula forward and around the thorax

67
Q

teres major and minor

A

adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

68
Q

muscles of the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

69
Q

what muscle is not part of the rotator cuff

A

teres major

70
Q

splenius capitis

A

flex and rotate head and neck (touches skull)

71
Q

splenius cervicis

A

extends the neck (attaches to C1)

72
Q

semispinalis capitis

A

neck extension, pull backward

73
Q

longissimus capitisq

A

rotate the head from side to side, extends head

74
Q

serratus posterior superior

A

elevate the ribs during respiration. Under the rhomboids (inhale)

75
Q

serratus posterior inferior

A

depresses the ribs during respiration (exhale)

76
Q

internal abdominal oblique

A

flex the trunk, defecation, urination, childbirth (think hands across the body in an X shape)

77
Q

erector spinae group

A

move the vertebral column

78
Q

what muscles make up the erector spinae group

A

(iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

79
Q

iliocostalis lumborum

A

runs from the lower ribs to the ileum; depresses ribs

80
Q

ligamentum nuchae

A

tendons and fascia between the posterior muscles of the neck. Covers the spine of C1-C6. Sustains the weight of the head

81
Q

mastoid process of temporal bone

A

allow attachment of muscles to the head and neck such as the sternocleidomastoid and the splenius capitis

82
Q

coracoid process

A

short projection from the clavicle to which the biceps brachii attaches

83
Q

coracobrachilias

A

flexion and adduction of the forearm at the shoulder joint

84
Q

radial tuberosity

A

insertion of the biceps brachii

85
Q

subscapularis

A

internal rotation of the humerus addiction and extension of the shoulder

86
Q

brachialis

A

flexes the elbow

87
Q

brachioradialis

A

flexes the forearm at elbow, deviates the wrist

88
Q

extensor carpi digitorum

A

extends medial four digits

89
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

help move wrist and hand

90
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flex and adduct wrist

91
Q

palmarus longus

A

flexion of the wrist joint and small joints of the hand (not everyone has one)

92
Q

flexor pollicis

A

flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb

93
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

flex the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (extends fingers)

94
Q

opponens pollicis

A

produce and opposition of the thumb, coordination, flexion, adduction, and rotation of the thumb

95
Q

what muscle makes humans unique from other primate in the hand

A

opponens pollicis

96
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

abduction and flexion of the fifth finger at the metacarpophalangeal. Moving it away from the fourth finger

97
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

flexion of the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint

98
Q

lumbricalis muscles (4)

A

flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints

99
Q

adductor pollicis

A

adduct the thumb. allows pinky and thumb to touch

100
Q

pectoralis minor

A

internal and downward rotation of the scapula (anchors scap to torso)

101
Q

subclavius

A

stabilize the clavicle during movement of the arm and shoulder

102
Q

external intercostals

A

elevate the ribs and expands lungs when breathing

103
Q

internal intercostals

A

pull down on ribs and push air out of the lungs

104
Q

transverse abdominis

A

protects the internal organs and stabilize the pelvis and spine
wraps around abdomen
is a core stabilizer

105
Q

psoas major

A

flexion of hip joint

106
Q

pectineus

A

flex and adduct the thigh at the hip joint

107
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

extension and lateral rotation of the leg

108
Q

quadriceps femoris tendon

A

attaches the quadriceps muscle group to the patella bone

109
Q

gracilis

A

flex the knee, adducts the thigh, roate the tibia on the femur

110
Q

piriformis

A

rotates and abducts femur during flexion of the hip

111
Q

superior gemellus

A

externally rotate hip

112
Q

inferior gemellus

A

lateral rotation of the thigh

113
Q

quadratus femoris

A

extend the leg at the knee joint and flex the thigh at the hip joint

114
Q

obturator internus

A

external rotation of the extended thigh

115
Q

sarcotuberous ligament

A

stabilize the pelvis

116
Q

hamstring muscle group

A

FLET
flex leg extend thigh

117
Q

quad muscle group

A

ELFT
extend leg flex thigh

118
Q

soleus

A

plantar flexion of the leg at the knee joint

119
Q

plantaris

A

stabilize tibia on calcaneus bone

120
Q

calcaneal tendon

A

stabilize the ankle joint

121
Q

tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflex foot

122
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

flexion joint in big toe

123
Q

fibularis brevis

A

evert foot. Lift medial arch

124
Q

fibularis terius

A

move toes toward shin (dorsiflexion)

125
Q

superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

A

bands of connective tissue that stabilize the tendons of the ankle

126
Q

popliteus

A

stabilize the knee

127
Q

tibialis posterior

A

plantar flex the foot

128
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

flex all joints of the big toe

129
Q

fibularis longus

A

plantar flexion and eversion of foot

130
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

support and protect underlying structures of the foot

131
Q

abductor hallucis

A

abduct and flex big toe

132
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

abduct and flex little toe

133
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

flexion of lateral 4 toe joints

134
Q

lumbricals m

A

flex and adduct lateral 4 toes

135
Q

quadratus plantae

A

flexion of lateral 4 toes

136
Q

adductor hallucis

A

adduction and flexion of the big toe

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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