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Anatomy & Physiology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

organization of the body

A

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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2
Q

components of atom

A

electron, electron orbit, nucleus, proton, neutron

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3
Q

electron

A

negative charged particles that travels around the nucleus of an atom

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4
Q

electron orbit

A

clouds followed by electrons around the nucleus

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5
Q

nucleus

A

center core of an atom, contains protons and neutrons

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6
Q

proton

A

positive charged particles inside the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

neutron

A

negative charged particles INSIDE the nucleus of an atom

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8
Q

elements

A

any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary means. can be seen on the periodic table

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9
Q

organic compounds

A

compounds containing oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

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10
Q

carbohydrates

A

monomer - monosaccharide
polymer- polysaccharide

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11
Q

proteins

A

monomer - amino acids
polymer - polypeptide

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12
Q

lipids

A

monomer - fatty acid, glycerol
polymer - lipid

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13
Q

nucleic acids

A

monomer - nucleotide
polymer - nucleic acid

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14
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells having similar structure and function

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15
Q

four types of tissue

A

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

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16
Q

epithelia

A

body tissue lining the outer surface of the body and lining the GI tract and other organs

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17
Q

simple epithelia

A

one layer thick, all cells touch the basement membrane

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18
Q

stratified epithelia

A

multiple layers thick, all cells do not touch the basement membrane

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19
Q

transitional epithelia

A

a stratified epithelium made up of multiple layers of cells, where the cells constituting the tissue can change shape depending on the distention of the organ

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20
Q

where would transitional epithelia be found

A

uterus, urinary bladder

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21
Q

simple squamous epithelia function and location

A

function- allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, secretes lubricating substance
location- air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels

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22
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium function and location

A

function- secretes and absorbs
location - in ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubules

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23
Q

simple columnar epithelium function and location

A

f- absorbs; also secretes mucous and enzymes
l- ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus, smooth (noncilliated tissues) are in the digestive tract and bladder

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24
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium function and location

A

f- secretes mucus, cilliated tissue moves mucus
l- lines the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract

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25
Q

stratified squamous epithelium function and location

A

f- protects against abrasion
l- lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina

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26
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium function and location

A

f- protective tissue
l- sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands

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27
Q

stratified columnar epithelium function and location

A

f- secretes and protects
l- male urethra and the ducts of some glands

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28
Q

transitional epithelium function and location

A

f- allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch
l- lines the bladder, urethra, and uterus

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29
Q

connective tissue

A

tissue that binds, supports, separates, other tissue or organs

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30
Q

organization of bone tissue

A

osteon, haversian canal, osteocyte, lacunae, canaliculi

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31
Q

osteon

A

structural unit of a bone

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32
Q

haversian canal

A

small channels through which blood ramify in bone

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33
Q

osteocyte

A

a bone cell that occupies lacunae

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34
Q

lacunae

A

a small space in bone tissue containing an osteocyte

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35
Q

canaliculi

A

microscopic canals between lacunae in bone tissue

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36
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

smooth, cardiac, skeletal

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37
Q

smooth muscle

A

spindle shaped, nonstriated, uninucleated fibers
occurs in walls of of internal organs
involuntary

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38
Q

cardiac muscle

A

has striated, branched, generally uninucleated fibers
occurs in walls of heart
involuntary

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39
Q

skeletal muscle

A

striated, tubular, multinucleated fibers
usually attached to skeleton
voluntary

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40
Q

what does cardiac muscle have that is unique

A

intercalated discs

41
Q

nerves tissue consists of what two types of cells

A

neurons and neuroglia

42
Q

neuroglia function

A

support, nourish, protect the neurons and maintain homeostasis in the interstitial fluid that bathes neurons

43
Q

axon

A

part of a neuron that conducts impulses AWAY from the cell body

44
Q

dendrite

A

part of a neuron that conducts impulses TOWARD the cell body

45
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the neuron, contains the chromosome

46
Q

myelin sheath

A

layers of fat that protect the nerve cells

47
Q

Schwann cell

A

cell of PNS that form the myelin sheath and protect the nerve cells

48
Q

node of Ranvier

A

a gap in the myelin sheath of a neuron between Schwann cells, conducts between nerve impulses

49
Q

axon terminal

A

small swellings at the end of axons, that make contact with other nerve cells

50
Q

types of neuroglia in the CNS

A

ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia

51
Q

types of neuroglia in the PNS

A

satellite cells, Schwann cells

52
Q

astrocytes

A

maintain blood brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate ion, nutrient and dissolved gas concentrations, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters, form scar tissue after injury

53
Q

ependymal cells

A

line ventricles in the brain and central canal, assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid

54
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

myelinate CNS axons, provide structural framework

55
Q

microglia

A

remove cell debris, waste, and pathogens by phagocytosis

56
Q

satellite cells

A

surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia, regulate O2 and CO2 nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neuron in ganglia

57
Q

Schwann cells

A

surround all axons in the PNS, responsible for myelination of peripheral axons, participate in repair process after injury

58
Q

what makes up the CNS

A

spinal cord, brain stem, brain

59
Q

what makes up the PNS

A

autonomic NS, somatic NS

60
Q

what makes up the autonomic NS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

61
Q

what is in the cranial cavity

A

brain

62
Q

what is in the spinal cavity

A

spinal cord

63
Q

what is in the thoracic cavity

A

heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus

64
Q

what is in the abdominal cavity

A

stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys

65
Q

what is in the pelvic cavity

A

reproductive organs, urinary bladder, rectum, anal canal

66
Q

when an epithelium secretes a product it is said to be glandular

A

gland - endocrine or exocrine

67
Q

loose fibrous CT

A

supports epithelium and many internal organs. found in lungs, arteries, and urinary bladder. allows organs to expand. support and bind organs

68
Q

dense fibrous CT

A

contains many collagen fibers
ligaments and tendons

69
Q

adipose CT

A

contains cells filled with fat. occurs beneath the skin around the heart and other organs. functions in insulation, cushioning, and storing fat

70
Q

reticular CT

A

forms and supports network of lymphoid tissue In lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, gland, and bone marrow

71
Q

three functions of nervous tissue

A

sensory input, integration of data, motor output

72
Q

three ventral cavities

A

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

73
Q

thoracic cavity

A

contains the lungs and heart

74
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains the stomach, liver, large and small intestine, spleen, pancreas

75
Q

what separates the thoracic and abdominal caivites

A

the diaphragm

76
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains rectum, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and lower part of large intestine (sigmoid colon)

77
Q

two dorsal cavities (posterior)

A

cranial and spinal

78
Q

cranial cavity

A

contains the brain

79
Q

spinal cavity

A

contains the spinal cord

80
Q

four types of body membranes

A

serous, mucous, meninges, synovial

81
Q

mucous membranes

A

lines digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive systems
has goblet cells
secretes mucus

82
Q

serous membrane

A

secrete watery fluid that keeps membranes lubricated and help hinder the spread of infection

83
Q

percardium

A

type of serous membrane covering the heart

84
Q

pleura

A

type of serous membrane covering the covers

85
Q

peritoneum

A

type of serous membrane that covers the abdominal cavity and all of its organs

86
Q

mesentery

A

a double layer of the peritoneum which supports abdominal organs and attaches them to the abdominal wall

87
Q

meninges

A

membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

88
Q

synovial membranes

A

lines freely movable joints that secret synovial fluid that lubricate the cartilage at the ends of long bones so that they can move smoothly in the joint cavity

89
Q

integumentary system

A

skin- protects and covers the body, help control body temp

90
Q

cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels
transport blood, nutrients, gases and wastes. defends against disease; helps control homeostasis

91
Q

lymphatic system

A

spleen and lymph nodes; defense against infection, absorbs fats, control fluid balance

92
Q

digestive system

A

esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, gallbladder
ingest and digest food, absorb nutrients and eliminate wastes

93
Q

respiratory system

A

nose, trachea, bronchi, alveoli sacs, lungs
exchange gases at lungs and tissues, helps control pH balance

94
Q

urinary system

A

kidney, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder
excrete metabolic waste, help control fluid balance, helps control pH balance

95
Q

skeletal system

A

about 206 bones
protection, support, movement, mineral storage, produce blood cells

96
Q

muscular system

A

more than 600 muscles, maintain posture, move body, produce heat

97
Q

nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord
coordinate organ systems, transmit nerve impulses

98
Q

endocrine system

A

endocrine glands
produce hormones, respond to stress, regulate metabolism, reproduction

99
Q

reproductive system

A

produce gametes

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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