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NURS 4540: Community Health > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

define: CHN

A
  • a CHn works with people where they live, learn, work, worship, and play to promote health
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2
Q

CHNs work in various settings such as…

A
  • homes
  • schools
  • workplaces
  • streets
  • shelters
  • religious institutions
  • field hospitals
  • community health centers
  • outpost nursing stations
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3
Q

what are 3 categories of CHNs

A
  • public health nursing (PHN)
  • home care nurse (HCN)
  • other
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4
Q

define: PHN (2)

A
  • focuses on public health promotion and enabling the client to increase control over their health
  • utilizes knowledge from public health, nursing, social and environment, research, prevention, participation, and SDoH
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5
Q

PHNs work with… (3)

A
  • new moms/babies
  • sexual health
  • harm reduction
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6
Q

define: HCN

A
  • provide clinical care in the client’s home, school, or workplace
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7
Q

HCNs work with… (3)

A
  • adults
  • older adults
  • infant/child/youth
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8
Q

what is considered “other” CHNs (4)

A
  • corrections
  • occupational health
  • community mental health
  • primary care/NP
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9
Q

CHNs work in a variety of settings and may engage in ________, use _______, work with _______ groups, and use _______ approaches

A
  • may engage in a wide variety of activities, use a population health lens (even when working w individuals), often work w structurally disadvantaged/equity-seeking population groups, and use downstream, midstream, and upstream approaches
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10
Q

in the professional practice model, what 3 broad categories impact the clients, individuals, families, communities, populations, systems, etc.

A
  • system
  • community organizations
  • community health nurses & nursing practice
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11
Q

in the professional practice model, what is included under the “system” category (2)

A
  • gvmt support
  • DOH
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12
Q

in the professional practice model, what is included under the “system” category (2)

A
  • gvmt support
  • DOH
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13
Q

in the professional practice model, what is included under the “community organizations” category (3)

A
  • professional relationships & partnerships
  • delivery structure & process
  • mngmt practices
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14
Q

in the professional practice model, what is included under the “CHNs and nursing practice” category (5)

A
  • code of ethics
  • theoretical foundations
  • values and principles
  • professional regulatory standards
  • CHN nursing standards discipline specific competencies
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15
Q

Professional Practice Model

A
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16
Q

Community Health Nursing Practice Components

A
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17
Q

what are activities of the CHN (15)

A
  • advocacy
  • building coalitions
  • outreach
  • health education
  • communication
  • building capacity
  • resource mngmt
  • care/counsel
  • case mngmt
  • referral follow-up –> key role
  • screening
  • surveilance (how do you look at the population & what are the needs of that population)
  • consultation
  • leadership
  • community dvlpmnt
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18
Q

what are the 8 CHN standards of practice

A
  1. health promotion
  2. prevention/health protection
  3. health maintenance, restoration, palliation
  4. professional relationships
  5. capacity building
  6. health equity
  7. evidence informed practice
  8. professional responsibility and accountability
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19
Q

with the CHN standards of practice, describe the relationship between them

A
  • standards 4-8 help us achieve standards 1-3
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20
Q

describe the CHN standard practice of promoting health (standard 1) (4)

A
  • CHNs seek to identify and assess the root & historical causes of illness, disease, and inequities in health
  • CHNs integrate health promotion into practice using the 5 Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies
  • include cultural safety and cultural humility approaches in all health promotion intervention
  • evaluate and modify health promotion activities in partnership w the client
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21
Q

describe the CHN standard practice of prevention & health protection (standard 2) (2)

A
  • CHNs apply the appropriate lvl of prevention (primordial, primary, etc.) to improve client health
  • use prevention & protection approaches with the client to identify risk factors and to address issues such as communicable disease, injury, chronic disease, and physical enviro
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22
Q

describe the CHN standard practice of health maintenance, restoration, and palliation (standard 3) (2)

A
  • CHNs use a range of interventions strategies related to health maintenance, restoration, and palliation to promote self mngmt
  • support life transitions including acute, chronic, or terminal illness, and EOL
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23
Q

describe the CHN standard practice of professional relationships (standard 4) (2)

A
  • CHNs work w others to establish, build & nurture professional and therapeutic relationships –> this includes optimizing participation & self-determination of the client
  • build a network of relationships and partnerships with a wide variety of indivs, families, groups, communities, and systems to address health issues and promote healthy public policy to advance health equity
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24
Q

describe the CHN standard practice of capacity building (standard 5) (3)

A
  • CHNs partner w client to promote capacity –> focus is to recognize barriers to health & mobilize and build on existing strengths
  • support the client to build their capacity to advocate for themselves
  • use a comprehensive mix of strategies such as coalition building, intersectoral collab, community engagement & mobilization, partnerships, and networking to build community capacity to take action on priority issues
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25
Q

describe the CHN standard practice of health equity (standard 6) (4)

A
  • CHNs recognize the impacts of DOH and incorporate actions into their practice (ex. advocating for health public policy)
  • focus is to advance health equity at an indiv and societal lvl
  • understand historical injustices, inequitable power relations, institutionalized and interpersonal racism, and their impacts on health, healthcare, and provide culturally safe care
  • refer, coordinate, and facilitate client access to universal and equitable health promoting services that are acceptable & responsible to their needs
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26
Q

describe the CHN standard practice of EIP (standard 7) (2)

A
  • CHNs use professional expertise in considering best available research evidence & other factors such as client context & preferences, and available resources to determine nursing actions
  • understand & use knowledge translation to strategies to integrate high quality research into clinical practice, education, and research
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27
Q

describe the CHN standard practice of professional responsibility and accountability (standard 8) (3)

A
  • CHNs assess & identify unsafe, unethical, illegal, or socially unacceptable circumstances and take preventative or corrective action to protect the client
  • recognize ethical dilemmas and apply ethical principles and CNA code of ethics
  • use reflective practice to continually assess & improve person community health nursing practice including cultural safety & humility
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28
Q

what are the 5 PHN nursing competencies

A
  • applies public health sciences in nursing practice
  • assesses and analyses population and community health using relevant data, research, nursing knowledge, and considering local & global context
  • participated in the planning implementation & eval of 1 or more of the following: pop. health promotion, injury & disease prevention, health protection programs & services in the community
  • engages w partners to collaborate and advocate w the community to create and implement strategies that improve the health of populations
  • applies communication strategies to effectively work w clients, health professionals, and other sectors
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29
Q

what are the 6 essential functions of public health & public health nursing roles

A
  1. health protection
  2. health surveilance
  3. population health assessment
  4. disease & injury prevention
  5. health promotion
  6. emergency preparation and response
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30
Q

homecare focuses on…

A
  • chronic & rehab healthcare needs in order to support people to live independently in their communities
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31
Q

describe health protection

A
  • is a chief function of public health
  • regulatory frameworks protect the population from infectious diseases & from enviro threats
32
Q

what are examples of public health programming that focuses on the essential function of “health protection” (5)

A
  • water purification & monitoring
  • air quality monitoring/enforcement
  • restuarant inspections
  • childcare facility inspections
  • smoking cessation thru public health policies, tobacco taxes, antismoking ads, product labelling
33
Q

what are PHN roles r/t health protection (3)

A
  • collaborator
  • leader
  • policy formulator
34
Q

what are PHN collaborator roles r/t health protection (2)

A
  • partners w health inspectors, gvmt officials, agency reps to ensure all citizens have safe drinking water & food, and live, work, and play in safe enviros
  • establishes coalitions and networks as needed to enact or enforce public health legislation
35
Q

what are PHN leader roles r/t health protection (2)

A
  • initiates action
  • encourages citizens, community, and those w power to initiate action
36
Q

describe the PH essential function of “health surveillance”

A
  • use health surveillance techniques to collect population data on an ongoing basis to detect early signs of illness & disease trends or outbreaks
  • surveillance data provides the info needed to intervene in an effective manner to mitigate disease impact
37
Q

what are examples of public health programming that focuses on “health surveillance” (5)

A
  • periodic health surveys
  • cancer and other disease registries
  • communicable disease reporting
  • ongoing analysis of data to identify trends or emerging programs
  • reporting health threats to pracitioners, what they need to look for, and intervention required
38
Q

what are PHN roles r/t health surveillance

A
  • epidemiologist
39
Q

describe the epidemiologist role r/t health surveillance (5)

A
  • seeks health surveilance data
  • coordinates systematic and routine collection and reporting of health data
  • analyzes surveillance data for risk and forecasting of threatening events
  • conducts surveillance of broad DOH
  • disseminates surveillance findings and health implications to citizens, communities, and decision makers
40
Q

describe the PH essential function of “population health assessment” (2)

A
  • public health professionals are well versed in what facilitates and what hinders the health of the Canadian population
  • population health assessment is a tool to ensure public health programs, services, and policies are adequately meeting goals and objectives
41
Q

what are examples of public health programming for “population health assessment” (2)

A
  • population or community health needs assessment
  • health status report, system report card
42
Q

what are PHN roles for “population health assessment” (2)

A
  • epidemiologist
  • outreach worker
43
Q

describe the epidemiologist role for “population health assessment” (3)

A
  • applies health surveillance data to public health nursing practice
  • conducts population health assessments and community health assessments
  • justifies new initiatives or revision to current programs or services w needs assessment
44
Q

describe the outreach worker role for “population health assessment” (3)

A
  • actively seeks info about the health of populations, communities, or aggregates
  • uses health assessment findings to target issues (actual or potential) and to plan steps to address issues
  • willing to reach out to high-risk communities (ex. harm reduction) if info indicates public health nursing interventions are warranted
45
Q

describe the PH essential function of “disease and injury prevention”

A
  • public health professionals contribute to the longevity and quality of life of canadians thru disease and injury prevention
46
Q

what are examples of Public health programming that support “disease and injury prevention” (4)

A
  • immunizations
  • investigations
  • screening for nutritional, occupational, and enviro diseases
  • encouraging health behaviors (ex. smoking cessation during pregnancy, etc.)
47
Q

what are PHN roles for “disease and injury prevention”

A
  • service provider
  • health education
48
Q

describe the service provider role for “disease and injury prevention” (5)

A
  • manages and controls communicable diseases using prevention techniques, infection control, behavior change counselling, outbreak mngmt, and immunization
  • conducts screening for disease
  • informs individuals about screening procedures, rationale, and results
  • monitors, documents, and evaluates screening activities
  • uses effective strategies to reduce risk factors that may contribute to chronic disease, injury, and disability
49
Q

describe the health educator role for “disease and injury prevention” (4)

A
  • offers formal presentations, educational programs, and informal teaching sessions about healthy lifestyle behaviors
  • applies teaching/teaching principles to address health education needs and to ensure readiness of learner to change at-risk behaviors
  • evaluates effectiveness of health education interventions
  • uses marketing techniques to promote both community health programs and healthy living
50
Q

describe the PHN essential function of “health promotion”

A
  • public health professionals improve the health of Canadians thru healthy public policy, public participation, and community based interventions
51
Q

what are examples of public health programming that support “health promotion” (3)

A
  • intersectoral community partnerships (ex. heart & stroke foundation) to address factors affecting health
  • advocacy for healthy public policies
  • catalyzing the creation of physical and social enviro to support health (ex. bike paths)
52
Q

what are PHN roles for “health promotion” (3)

A
  • capacity builder
  • community developer
  • facilitator
53
Q

describe the capacity builder role for “health promotion” (3)

A
  • involves communities, aggregates, and individual citizens in planning and priority setting of health promotion programs and services
  • shares info and community resources
  • fosters skill development of community members to mobilize resources, establish social networks, and navigate political processes
54
Q

describe the community developer role for “health promotion” (2)

A
  • uses community development strategies to engage community members in identifying & addressing social, economic, cultural, and physical enviro issues
  • uses a strength-based approach that supports community empowerment and decision making
55
Q

describe the facilitator role in “health promotion” (2)

A
  • fosters interagency links and working relationships
  • uses mediation skills to facilitate interganecy and intergovernmental cooperation
56
Q

describe the PHN essential role of “emergency preparedness and disaster response”

A
  • public health professionals are aware of the immediate and secondary threats to population health incited by natural disasters
57
Q

what are examples of public health programming that supports “emergency preparedness and disaster response” (3)

A
  • disaster planning to prepare communities to respond to floors, earthquakes, and fires
  • leading institutions in emergency preparedness to respond to explosives or biological threats
  • safeguarding water supplies or food sources from contamination
58
Q

what are PHN roles for “emergency preparedness and disaster response”

A
  • consultant
59
Q

describe the consultant role for “emergency preparedness and disaster response” (4)

A
  • uses knowledge and expertise in emergency preparedness and disaster response planning to inform citizens, nonprofit agencies, organizations, public, & the gvmt of measures required to reduce the impact of public health emergencies
  • acts as a resource person to communities, aggregates, and indiv citizens
  • plan for, is part of, and evaluates the response to both natural disasters & human-made disasters to minimize serious illness, death, and social disruption
  • uses effective risk communication techniques to inform individual citizens and the public
60
Q

what are the PHN discipline specific competencies? (8)

A
  • public health and nursing science
  • assessment and analysis
  • policy & program planning, implementation, and evaluation
  • partnerships, collaboration, and advocacy
  • diversity & inclusiveness
  • communication
  • leadership
  • professional responsibility and accountability
61
Q

what are some PHN discipline-specific knowledge (lots lol)

A

the PHN has knowledge of:
- behavioral and society sciences
- biostatistics
- epidemiology
- environmental public health
- demography
- workplace health
- prevention of chronic diseases
- infectious diseases
- pyschosocial problems and injuries
- nursing theory
- change theory
- economics
- politics
- public health admin
- community assessment
- mngmt theory
- program planning & eval
- population health principles
- primary healthcare
- DOH
- community development theory
- social justice
- history of public health

62
Q

what are PHN discipline-specific skills

A

the PHN is equipped with skills to:
- apply knowledge, critically appraise knowledge, and research new sources of knowledge
- collect, assess, analyze, and apply data, facts, concepts, and theories to determine indiv, family, group, and community health concerns
- assess indiv, family, group, and community lvls of capacity to address health concerns
- identify and recommend approp interventions, including health promotion, health protection, and disease & injury prevention
- lead policy and program planning, implementation, and eval
- collab effectively w diverse indiv, families, groups and communities
- promote positive team functioning
- initiate interdisciplinary & intersectoral partnerships and networks
- work to achieve interagency and intergovernmental co-operation
- act as a spokesperson as needed on public health issues
- respond to public health emergencies

63
Q

what are PHN discipline-specific attitudes (5)

A

the PHN considers:
- health as multi-dimensional
- the influence of physical, sociocultural, political, and economical enviro on health
- support needs of individuals, families, groups, and communities to help them improve conditions conductive to health
- opportunities to address health inequities and promote social justice
- accommodating diverse sociocultural, economic, and educational backgrounds

64
Q

different nurse roles

A
65
Q

different CHN roles

A
66
Q

different CHN roles

A
67
Q

which CHN standard does PHNs doing COVID-19 contact tracing represent?

A
  • prevention and healthcare protection
68
Q

which CHN standard does HHNs providing assessment of children w healthcare needs in the classroom. healthcare plan is designed in partnership w the child’s guardian, teacher, and/or classroom assistance and training and supervision is provided by RN

A
  • health maintenance, restoration, palliation
68
Q

which CHN standard does this action represent:
a home care nurse and case manager advocate for low income families caring for medically fragile children by advocating for access to approproate supports & services, including funded respite care

A
  • health equity
69
Q

which CHN standard does this action represent?
CHNs provides ongoing nursing care to families w seniors who are experiencing difficulties. the care may be provided directly or thru unregulated workers. This may include telephone follow ups, home visits, or community referalls.

A
  • health maintenance, restoration, palliation
70
Q

There was a prediction that by year 2020, __% of nurses will be working in the community. However, the # of nurses work in the community in canada has remained fairly constant around __%.

A
  • 60%
  • 16%
71
Q

which CHN action does this action represent:

a school asks a PHN to develop a “healthy schools” plan. The PHN encourages the school to mobilize a committee that includes students, parents, teachers, admin, and community partners. The committee identifies the school’s strengths/needs, plans, implements, and evaluates action for a healthier school. The PHN sits on the committee as advisor

A
  • capacity building
72
Q

which CHN standard does this action represent:
PHNs work w a community redisents committee to advocate for increased funding from the town counsil for a community garden

A
  • health promotion
73
Q

which CHN standard does this action represent:

a HHN working in palliative care listens to the concerns of stressed and exhausted caregivers and supports them in making decisions about respite and hospice care

A
  • professional relationships
74
Q

which CHN standard does this action represent:

a PHN is assigned to work in a needle exchange program based on harm reduction principles. To prepare for this role, he reviews the tenets of harm reduction & uses reflective practice personally and with his supervisor to understand and change his assumptions

A
  • professional responsibility and accountability
75
Q

which CHN standard does this action represent:

A HHNs elderly post-op client is not doing her ROM exercises according to the schedule that she was given at discharge. The HHN encourages the client’s daughter to work out a schedule for ROM exercises that will work best for her mother & teaches her how to help her mother do the exercises

A
  • capacity building
76
Q

which CHN standard does this action represent?

PHNs utilize immunization tracking software to identify immunization requirements for populations of school age children & adults

A
  • prevention and health promotion

NURS 4540: Community Health (12 decks)

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