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CAPS Old World - Weekly Notes > Week 2g: Champagne > Flashcards

Week 2g: Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

Champagne climate:

A

Crossroads between Maritime and Continental climates

Cool even though summers can be hot

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2
Q

Global warming impact on Champagne:

A

Heatwaves becoming more common

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3
Q

When is the Atlantic influence strongest? Impact on grape growing:

A

Strongest during mid-August to late October. Drives rainy weather during harvest

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4
Q

On what parallel is Champagne:

A

48-49 parallel

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5
Q

Impact of latitude on Champagne:

A

Acute angle of sun’s rays makes it harder to ripen grapes

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6
Q

Champagne soil type:

A

Ancient seabed rich in limestone

Mix of limestone, calcareous clay, limestone rich marl, soft white chalk

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7
Q

Define calcareous.

A

Mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate. Autrement dit, containing lime or being chalky.

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8
Q

Define marl.

A

An earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt

When hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone.

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9
Q

Acid level of chalk soil. How wine is impacted:

A

Chalk soils are basic. Makes wine more acidic

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10
Q

Notable characteristics of chalk:

A

Coolant and water reservoir

Holds water in a way that allows roots to thrive

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11
Q

Historical strategic importance of Champagne:

A

Crossroads of European trade routes

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12
Q

Historic rivals of Champagne:

A

Burgundy, often over who made the better wine

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13
Q

When was Champagne invented

A

1700’s

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13
Q

When was the Champagne region defined?

A

1908 but this is not the AOC system yet

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13
Q

When did phylloxera hit Champagne? What happened as a result?

A

1863.

Major fraud with other sparkling wine being passed off as Champagne

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14
Q

When did the Aube revolt?

A

1908

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15
Q

What is the CIVC?

A

Comité Interprofessionel du Vin de Champagne

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16
Q

Why was the CIVC formed?

A

In response to the Nazi occupation

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17
Q

What does the CIVC do?

A

Controls every aspect of Champagne production.

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18
Q

How did British glass become stronger than French glass? What impact did this have on Champagne production?

A

Due to wars, Britain had to switch to coal to make glass. Hotter temperatures, stronger glass

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19
Q

How did the invention of stronger glass help Champagne?

A

Better glass and market interest started the Champagne industry

Better understanding of the fermentation process

Allowed Champagne to distinguish itself form Burgundy

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20
Q

Who released the first Tête de Cuvée? When?

A

Moët Chandon: Dom Perignon

1921 vintage

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21
Q

Dom Perignon’s contribution to Champagne production:

A

Invented a more gentle press
Able to make white wine from red grapes which offered more flavour

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22
Q

André François’ contribution to Champagne production:

A

Discovered the exact amount of sugar needed to complete 2nd fermentation in bottle without bottles exploding

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23
Q

Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin’s contribution to Champagne production:

A

Invented riddling as a way to speed up prep for disgorging

Caused by race to get Champagne to Russian markets first.

24
Q

Louise Pommery’s contribution to Champagne production:

A

Pioneer’s dryer style of wine
Released first Brut
Captivates English market

25
Q

Lilly Bollinger’s contribution to Champagne production:

A

Pioneers recently disgorged style of wine.

26
Q

Describe NV Champagne:

A

80% of production
Goal is consistency year over year
15 months ageing during second ferment
Can include Têtes de Cuvée

27
Q

Vintage Champagne harvest, amount of production, ageing requirements:

A

Max 80% of any harvest (far lower in reality)
2% of Champagne sold each year is Vintage
36 months on lees

28
Q

What is a Négotiant Manipulant

A

Buy grapes from growers
Some limit on how much they can own land
80% of all Champagne

29
Q

What is a Recoltant Manipulant?

A

Grower Champagne. The own their own vineyards and vinify their own grapes

30
Q

What is a Recoltant Cooperateur?

A

Grower who uses a coop facility to vinify and then bottle under their own label

31
Q

What is a Cooperative Manipulant?

A

Many growers vinify and label their fruit under one coop label.

32
Q

Sweetness levels of Champagne:

A

Brut Zero: 0-3g/l
Extra Brut: 0-6
Brut: 0-12
Extra Sec: 12-17
Sec: 17-32
Demi Sec: 32-50
Doux: 50+

33
Q

Grapes in Blanc de Blancs:

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Gris / Blanc
Arbane
Petit Meslier

34
Q

Grapes in Blanc de Noirs:

A

100% black grapes:
Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier

35
Q

Moët Chandon Tête de Cuvée:

A

Dom Perignon

36
Q

Louis Roederer Tête de Cuvée:

A

Cristal

37
Q

Bollinger Tête de Cuvée:

A

La Grande Année
Vielles Vignes Français

38
Q

Gossett Tête de Cuvée:

A

Celebris

39
Q

Taittinger Tête de Cuvée:

A

Comte de Champagne

40
Q

Perriet Jouet Tête de Cuvée:

A

Belle Epoque

41
Q

What is a Single Vineyard Champagne?

A

Increasingly popular category
Often overlaps Vintage and Prestige Cuvée Categories

42
Q

Single Vineyard Champagne of Billecart Salmon:

A

Clos Saint Hilaire

43
Q

Two Single Vineyard champagnes of Krug:

A

Clos de Mesnil
Clos d’Ambonnay

44
Q

Single Vineyard Champagne of Philpponat:

A

Clos de Goisses

45
Q

Single Vineyard Champagne of Pierre Peters:

A

Les Chetillons

46
Q

What is a Special Club Champagne:

A

Collective formed by some producers in 1971 to show quality of Grower Champagnes which lived under the shadow of big houses

47
Q

What do members of Special Club Champagne members do?

A

25 members who all release their individual wines in the same unique style bottle.

Tasting panel tests both vin clair and finished Champagne

48
Q

3 original members who remain a member of Special Club Champagnes:

A

Paul Bara
Pierre Gimonnet
Gaston Chiquet

49
Q

What is Cru status accorded to?

A

Whole villages

50
Q

How did the Echelle de Crus system work?

A

Rating out of 100 dictated the purchase price for the grapes.

Ranked villages into Grand Cru, Premier Cru or Cru vineyards.

51
Q

When was the Echelle de Cru system introduced and abolished? Why is it still important?

A

Introduced in the 1800’s.
Abolished in 2010.
Still recognized by consumers so producers add it to the label.

52
Q

Grape grown in Montagne de Reims:

A

Pinot Noir

53
Q

Best sites in Montagne de Reims:

A

Grand Montagne

54
Q

How many GC villages in Montagne de Reims?

A

10

Bouzy
Ambonnay

55
Q

Grape grown in the Vallée de la Marne:

A

Pinot Meunier

56
Q

GC in Vallée de la Marne:

A

Ay

57
Q

Soil in Vallée de la Marne:

A

Heavier
More clay
Rich soils
Alluvial soil around the river

58
Q

Grape grown in Côte de Blanc:

A

Chardonnay

59
Q

Grape grown in Côte de Sézanne:

A

Chardonnay
More ripe, lush, aromatic than other regions

CAPS Old World - Weekly Notes (17 decks)

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