Week 24 Flashcards
- Explain the basic idea of reflexivity in human selfhood—how the “I” encounters and makes sense of itself (the “Me”).
It reflects back on itself, the self is what happens when I reflects back on me, it is the knower
- Describe fundamental distinctions between three different perspectives on the self: the self as actor, agent, and author.
The social actor-the sense of the self as an embodied actor whose social performances may be construed in terms of more or less consistent self-ascribed traits and social roles
The motivated agent-the sense of self as an intentional force that strives to achieve goals, plans, values, projects
The autobiographical author is the sense of self as a storyteller who reconstructs the past and imagines the future in order to articulate an integrative narrative that provides life with some measure of temporal continuity and purpose
- Describe how a sense of self as a social actor emerges around the age of 2 years and how it develops going forward.
The social actor sense of self begins to emerge around 18 months old, and by the second birthday toddlers can recognize themselves in the mirror
As this progresses, young children can make simple attributions about themselves
- Describe the development of the self’s sense of motivated agency from the emergence of the child’s theory of mind to the articulation of life goals and values in adolescence and beyond.
Being an agent means to act with direction and purpose, to move forward in the future in pursuit of self-chosen and valued goals (to have this, the person first realize that people indeed have desired end states which motivate their behavior (this means the child has to develop a theory of mind)
Goals start to become even more important for the self in adolescence
- Define the term narrative identity, and explain what psychological and cultural functions narrative identity serves.
Narrative identity is an internalized and evolving story of the self that reconstructs the past and anticipates the future in such a way as to provide a person’s life with some degree of unity, meaning, and purpose
Culture provides a menu of favored plot lines, themes and character types
- Understand why relationships are key to happiness and health.
Relationships can be sources of intimacy and closeness, comfort and relief from stress and accountability, all of which help achieve better health outcomes
- Define and list different forms of relationships.
- Define and list different forms of relationships.
Intimate relationships-intimacy (formal and informal) marriage is an example
Work Relationships and well-being-
- List different aspects of well-being.
Happiness(subjective well-being) can be measured from positive feelings, life satisfaction and low negative feelings)
Physical well being (Health)-free of illness or infirmity
- Explain how relationships can enhance well-being.
Research shows how a few high quality social relationships is consistently linked with subjective well-being
People lose well-being when social relationships are denied (loneliness and depression)
- Explain how relationships might not enhance well-being.
Having a small social network and poor quality relationships can actually be detrimental to health
- Understand research methods when studying culture in psychological science.
Ethnographic studies-research that emphasizes field data collection and that examines questions that attempt to understand culture from its own context and point of view
Open ended questions
Interviews
- Appreciate cultural awareness as a source of personal well-being, social responsibility, and social harmony.
Anger represents a lack of harmony in people (people get angry when their personal values are attacked or not important
- Explain the difference between individualism and collectivism.
Individualism-
The cultural trend in which the primary unit of measurement is the individual. Individualists are likely to emphasize uniqueness and personal aspirations over social duty.
Collectivism-
The cultural trend in which the primary unit of measurement is the group. Collectivists are likely to emphasize duty and obligation over personal aspirations.
- Define “self-construal” and provide a real life example.
Self-construal
The extent to which the self is defined as independent or as relating to others.
- Distinguish gender and sex, as well as gender identity and sexual orientation.
Sex=biological category of male or female-physical differences in reproductive anatomy
Gender=feminine traits, cultural and social meaning
Gender identity-psychological sense of being male or female
Sexual orientation-erotic attraction towards who
