Week 17 Flashcards
Identify the key properties of drive states
They generate behaviours that result in specific benefits for the body
They maintain biological importance
Narrowing of attention
Describe biological goals accomplished by drive states
Hunger
Sexual arousal
Restoring of homeostasis
Drive State examples
Hunger drives to food
Tiredness drives sleep
Drug cravings
Exhaustion
Fear
Maternal
Exploratory
Neurobiological basis of drive states such as hunger and arousal
Hunger=glucose levels, LH from hypothalamus hormone can drive hunger
Satiation=decline of hunger, VMH
Arousal=preoptic area in men (in women this is for eating) and in women their ventromedial hypothalamus
Women=excretion in estradiol (estrogen hormone that regulates sexual receptivity
Discuss the main moderators and determinants of drive states such as hunger and arousal
Septal nucleus, receives reciprocal connections -sexual orgasm
Describe the general pattern of associations between emotion experience and well-being
Generally, positive emotion has been associated to greater well being
Too much positive emotion can be harmful for well-being because you engage in more risky activity
Identify at least 3 aspects of emotion experience beyond positivity and negativity of the emotion that affects the link between emotion experience and well being
The intensity of emotion matters-more frequent positive emotions is more beneficial
The fluctuation of the emotion matters-the more fluctuations the worse well being is
The context of the emotion matters
Define affective neuroscience
It examines how the brain makes emotional response
Describe the neuroscience techniques used to study emotions in humans and animals
noninvasive techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and on studies of individuals with brain lesions caused by accident or disease.
Name 5 emotional systems and their associated neural structures
Desire-the neural systems of reward seeking-amygdala, nucleus accumbent and frontal cortex, and dopamine activates these regions
Liking-the neural circuits of pleasure and enjoyment- in the nucleus accumbent and ventral pallidum and orbitofrontal cortex
Fear-the neural system of freezing and fleeing-central amygdala to periaqueductal gray in midbrain, sensitive to glutamate, corticotrophin, adreno-cortico-trophic hormone, cholecystokinin and neuropeptides
Rage-the circuits of anger and attack-hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray of midbrain, unknown neurotransmitter
Love-the neural systems of care and attachment, preoptic area and stria terminalis (oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin, and endogenous opiods)
Grief-the neural networks of loneliness and panic-dorsomedial thalamus, ventral septum, dorsal peotic region and bed nucleus of stria terminalis-endogenous opiates, oxytocin, and prolactin
Give examples of exogenous chemicals that influence affective systems and discuss their effects
Opiate drugs mimic positive social interactions, why they can be addicting
Testosterone also reduces seperation distress-reducing attachment needs
Discuss multiple affective functions of the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens
The response of each specific neural region may be modified by experience
Nucleus accumbens is generally involved in appetitive behaviours like eating an the back is for fearful defensive behaviours
amygdala=desire system, fear circuit, anger, also active during uncertainty and positive emotions
Name several specific human emotions and discuss their relationship to the affective systems of nonhuman animals
Desire
Enjoyment
Grief
Love
