Week 2.2

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Keeping all body cells happy

Question 2

What are components that complete homeostasis

Answer 2

Good supply of oxygen- helps to make ATP
Nutrients and water
Balanced H+ level of 7.4 PH
Temperature of 37.2 C
Rid waste products

Question 3

What is a pH example for cells?

Answer 3

Too acidic means neurons are unable to send messages

If they are too basic neurons send uncontrolled messages

Question 4

When does death result in regards to acidity

Answer 4

If pH levels are out of the range of 6.8-8.0

Question 5

what does the CNS include?

Answer 5

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Spinal Cord

Question 6

What does the PNS include

Answer 6

All nerves outside of the spinal cord- includes Somatic and Autonomic nervous system

Question 7

What is our voluntary nervous system

Answer 7

Somatic nervous system

Question 8

How does the SNS work

Answer 8

Gets information from environment through skin, which goes up the dorsal roots of the spinal column then goes to the spinal cord, where the information gets relayed to the brain, where it gets processed.

Question 9

What are the different types of nerves in the PNS

Answer 9

Cranial Nerves (12 pairs)
Cervical Nerves (8 Pairs)
Thoracic Nerves (12 Pairs)
Lumbar Nerves (5 pairs)
Sacral Nerves (5 Pairs)
Coccygeal Nerves (1 pair)

Question 10

What are the lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 10

Frontal- decision making
Parietal Lobe- sensation of touch
Temporal lobe- hearing and memory
Occipital Lobe- vision processing

Question 11

What nervous system is involuntary?

Answer 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 12

What two systems is the autonomic nervous system comprised of?

Answer 12

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 13

What is the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

Takes from throacic and lumbar nerves from the spines

Has short preganglionic nerves and long postganglionic nerves

Question 14

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

Extendes from cranium and sacral spine
Long preganglionic nerves
Short postganglionic nerves

Question 15

What chemical do preganglionic nerves use?

Answer 15

Acetylcholine- slows down

Question 16

What chemical do postganglionic nerves use?

Answer 16

Noradrenaline- speeds up

Question 17

What is the effect of the activity of post/pre ganglionic nerves on each other

Answer 17

Work in opposition to each other. Increased sympathetic results in decreased parasympathetic

Question 18

What are the 4 f’s for sympathetic?

Answer 18

Fright, flight, fight and Fornicate

Question 19

What is parasympathetc involved in?

Answer 19

Non emergency- digestion, growth, immune responses

Question 20

How does the brain communicate to the body?

Answer 20

Peripheral nervous system
-Somatic 
or autonomic- (parasympathetic, sympathetic)
Hormones
-Hypothalamus and Pituitary
-Pineal gland (melatonin)

Question 21

How are hormones released from the pituitary?

Answer 21

Arterial flow comes into pituitary. Collects all of the hormones which go into blood supply and effect organs in the body.

Question 22

How is the brain protected?

Answer 22

The blood brain barrier
The cerebrospinal fluid
Glial cells

Question 23

How does the BBB work?

Answer 23

Things cant go from the blood into the brain tissue easily. Cappillaries are tightly formed and only a few things can cross from blood into the brain. e.g. Oxygen, CO2, lipophylic molecules, glucose, amino acids

Blood brain barrier has a gap between cells that make up blood vessels. these are called endofelial cells. They are stacked together very tightly to protect the neurons.

Question 24

What is it called when the endofelial cells are packed together tightly?

Answer 24

Continual tight junctions

Question 25

What things can cross into the brain?

Answer 25

Oxygen, CO2, lipophylic molecules, glucose, amino acids. Glucose and amino acids are actively transported by transporters.