Week 2.2 Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Keeping all body cells happy
What are components that complete homeostasis
Good supply of oxygen- helps to make ATP Nutrients and water Balanced H+ level of 7.4 PH Temperature of 37.2 C Rid waste products
What is a pH example for cells?
Too acidic means neurons are unable to send messages
If they are too basic neurons send uncontrolled messages
When does death result in regards to acidity
If pH levels are out of the range of 6.8-8.0
what does the CNS include?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Spinal Cord
What does the PNS include
All nerves outside of the spinal cord- includes Somatic and Autonomic nervous system
What is our voluntary nervous system
Somatic nervous system
How does the SNS work
Gets information from environment through skin, which goes up the dorsal roots of the spinal column then goes to the spinal cord, where the information gets relayed to the brain, where it gets processed.
What are the different types of nerves in the PNS
Cranial Nerves (12 pairs) Cervical Nerves (8 Pairs) Thoracic Nerves (12 Pairs) Lumbar Nerves (5 pairs) Sacral Nerves (5 Pairs) Coccygeal Nerves (1 pair)
What are the lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal- decision making
Parietal Lobe- sensation of touch
Temporal lobe- hearing and memory
Occipital Lobe- vision processing
What nervous system is involuntary?
Autonomic Nervous System
What two systems is the autonomic nervous system comprised of?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
What is the sympathetic nervous system
Takes from throacic and lumbar nerves from the spines
Has short preganglionic nerves and long postganglionic nerves
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
Extendes from cranium and sacral spine
Long preganglionic nerves
Short postganglionic nerves
What chemical do preganglionic nerves use?
Acetylcholine- slows down
What chemical do postganglionic nerves use?
Noradrenaline- speeds up
What is the effect of the activity of post/pre ganglionic nerves on each other
Work in opposition to each other. Increased sympathetic results in decreased parasympathetic
What are the 4 f’s for sympathetic?
Fright, flight, fight and Fornicate
What is parasympathetc involved in?
Non emergency- digestion, growth, immune responses
How does the brain communicate to the body?
Peripheral nervous system -Somatic or autonomic- (parasympathetic, sympathetic) Hormones -Hypothalamus and Pituitary -Pineal gland (melatonin)
How are hormones released from the pituitary?
Arterial flow comes into pituitary. Collects all of the hormones which go into blood supply and effect organs in the body.
How is the brain protected?
The blood brain barrier
The cerebrospinal fluid
Glial cells
How does the BBB work?
Things cant go from the blood into the brain tissue easily. Cappillaries are tightly formed and only a few things can cross from blood into the brain. e.g. Oxygen, CO2, lipophylic molecules, glucose, amino acids
Blood brain barrier has a gap between cells that make up blood vessels. these are called endofelial cells. They are stacked together very tightly to protect the neurons.
What is it called when the endofelial cells are packed together tightly?
Continual tight junctions
What things can cross into the brain?
Oxygen, CO2, lipophylic molecules, glucose, amino acids. Glucose and amino acids are actively transported by transporters.
