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Biopsych > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is behaviour?

A

The response of an individual, group or species to

stimuli (trigger) in the environment

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2
Q

Why do people (or other species) respond differently to a similar environmental trigger?

A

Their genetic makeup (nature) e.g. genetic makeup, parental traits
Factors in their environment (nuture/experience) e.g. How they’re feeling at the time, previous experiences, culture.

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3
Q

What are Genes?

A

Genes are regions of DNA that are units of hereditary information that can be passed from one generation to another.

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4
Q

Who is the father of Genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

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5
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

A membrane bound part of a cell which contains all

genetic information to promote survival of the cell (organism)

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6
Q

What do groups of cells make?

A

An organism

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7
Q

What make up chromosomes?

A

Genes

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8
Q

What do cells contain

A

A nucleus and chromosomes

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9
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA

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10
Q

What does DNA do?

A

The DNA in each gene programmes the manufacture of different proteins for use in the body

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11
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Amino Acids

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12
Q

How are amino acids obtained?

A

From our diet

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13
Q

What are the nine essential proteins?

A
  1. Histidine
  2. Isoleucine
  3. Leucine
  4. Lysine - beans
  5. Methionine
  6. Phenylalanine
  7. Threonine
  8. Tryptophan - can be found in turkey, sesame seeds
  9. Valine
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14
Q

How is the sequence of amino acids to form the proteins decided?

A

By intermediate RNA (ribonucleic acid) from DNA. The strand of DNA is copied and each base determines an opposite RNA base. A triplet of bases determines one amino acid

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15
Q

What does a triplet of bases determine?

A

One amino acid

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16
Q

Why does genetic information get translated into?

A

Proteins that get used in the body

17
Q

What uses does Proteins turn into?

A

May become biological tissues and cells, or may become enzymes.

18
Q

What are enzymes?

A 
Enzymes produce chemical reactions so that our bodies
function normally - saliva has an enzyme called amylase which helps us to breakdown the sugar that we eat
19
Q

What is the double DNA strand called?

A

A double helix

20
Q

What is the genetic life cycle?

A

DNA –> Transcription –> RNA –> Translation –> Protein

21
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

When cells are directly replicated to produce more cells with the same genetic information

22
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

Particular cells divide their genetic information - ready for
recombination with another organism

23
Q

What are diploid cells?

A

Cells that are directly replicated with the same genetic information

24
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A sex cell with half the genetic information. It is a type of Haploid cell

25
Q

What is a male sex cell called?

A

Male spermatocyte

26
Q

What is a female sex cell called?

A

Female oocyte

27
Q

How does sexual recombination work?

A

Sperm 1 mixes with an Ovum which produces a whole cell and recombines genes

28
Q

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

A

If a chromosome contains two identical genes we are said to be homozygous for that gene (characteristic)
If a chromosome contains two different genes (for the same characteristic) we are said to be heterozygous for that gene

29
Q

What do dominant genes require for the trait to be expressed?

A

Dominant genes only require ONE gene to be present on the chromosome to produce that characteristic

30
Q

What do recessive genes require for the trait to be expressed?

A

Recessive genes require BOTH genes to be present on the chromosome to produce that characteristic

31
Q

In terms of recessive genes, how will they be produced?

A

When the gene is homozygous

32
Q

What chromosomes do females and males have?

A

Two XX for females, XY for males

33
Q

How do genders contribute chromosomes to offspring?

A

Females always give an X and males give either an X or a Y

34
Q

How does down syndrome occur?

A

When chromosomes fail to divide properly and 3 genes end up on the 21st chromosome

35
Q

What is an example of a beneficial mutation?

A

The peppered moth- during industrial revolution

36
Q

What is high heritability?

A

behaviour is greatly determined by genes

37
Q

What is low heritability?

A

behaviour is greatly determined by environment

Biopsych (14 decks)

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