WEEK 2 WHAT IS LANGUAGE Flashcards
linguistic competence
expressive and receptive language skills in one’s native language and knowledge of linguistic code specific to AAC, such as line drawings and signs.
linguistic performance
the observable use of language; the actualization of one’s linguistic competence
performance error
errors in language production or comprehension, including hesitations and slips of the tongue
speech communication chain
the process through which information is communicated, consisting of an information source, transmitter, signal, receiver and destination
speech communication chain steps
- Think of what you want to communicate
- Pick out words to express the idea
- Put these words together in a certain order following rules
- Figure out how to pronounce these words
- Send those pronunciations to your vocal anatomy
- Speak: send the sounds through the air
- Perceive: listener hears the sounds
- Decode: listener interprets sounds as language
- Connect: listener receives communicated idea
noise
interference in the communication chain
lexicon
a mental dictionary of words
mental grammar
the system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each other. The mental grammar of every language includes phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.
language variation
the property of languages having different ways to express the same meanings in different contexts according to factors such as geography, social class, gender
descriptive grammar
objective description of a speaker’s knowledge of a language based on their use of the language
evidence that writing and language are not the same( list 4 reasons)
a. archaeological evidence (6000 years ago)
b. writing doesn’t exist everywhere
c. writing must be taught
d. neurological evidence (areas of brain)
e. writing can be edited
reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech ( list 3 reasons)
a. writing can be edited
b. writing must be taught
c. writing is more physically stable
prescriptive grammar
a set of rules designed to give instructions regarding the socially embedded notion of the “correct” or “proper” way to speak or write
prescribe
use rules and conventions to tell a speaker the way he should or shouldn’t use a language
Charles Hockett’s nine design features (necessary for communication system to be considered a language) (list)
- mode of communication
- semanticity
- pragmatic function
- interchangeability
- cultural transmission
- arbitrariness
- discreteness
- displacement
- productivity