WEEK 2 WHAT IS LANGUAGE Flashcards

1
Q

linguistic competence

A

expressive and receptive language skills in one’s native language and knowledge of linguistic code specific to AAC, such as line drawings and signs.

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2
Q

linguistic performance

A

the observable use of language; the actualization of one’s linguistic competence

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3
Q

performance error

A

errors in language production or comprehension, including hesitations and slips of the tongue

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4
Q

speech communication chain

A

the process through which information is communicated, consisting of an information source, transmitter, signal, receiver and destination

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5
Q

speech communication chain steps

A
  1. Think of what you want to communicate
  2. Pick out words to express the idea
  3. Put these words together in a certain order following rules
  4. Figure out how to pronounce these words
  5. Send those pronunciations to your vocal anatomy
  6. Speak: send the sounds through the air
  7. Perceive: listener hears the sounds
  8. Decode: listener interprets sounds as language
  9. Connect: listener receives communicated idea
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6
Q

noise

A

interference in the communication chain

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7
Q

lexicon

A

a mental dictionary of words

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8
Q

mental grammar

A

the system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each other. The mental grammar of every language includes phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.

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9
Q

language variation

A

the property of languages having different ways to express the same meanings in different contexts according to factors such as geography, social class, gender

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10
Q

descriptive grammar

A

objective description of a speaker’s knowledge of a language based on their use of the language

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11
Q

evidence that writing and language are not the same( list 4 reasons)

A

a. archaeological evidence (6000 years ago)
b. writing doesn’t exist everywhere
c. writing must be taught
d. neurological evidence (areas of brain)
e. writing can be edited

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12
Q

reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech ( list 3 reasons)

A

a. writing can be edited
b. writing must be taught
c. writing is more physically stable

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13
Q

prescriptive grammar

A

a set of rules designed to give instructions regarding the socially embedded notion of the “correct” or “proper” way to speak or write

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14
Q

prescribe

A

use rules and conventions to tell a speaker the way he should or shouldn’t use a language

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15
Q

Charles Hockett’s nine design features (necessary for communication system to be considered a language) (list)

A
  1. mode of communication
  2. semanticity
  3. pragmatic function
  4. interchangeability
  5. cultural transmission
  6. arbitrariness
  7. discreteness
  8. displacement
  9. productivity
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16
Q

mode of communication

A

means through which a message is transmitted for any given communication system

17
Q

semanticity

A

property of having signals that convey a meaning, shared by all communication systems

18
Q

pragmatic function

A

the useful purpose of any given communication system

19
Q

interchangeability

A

the property of a communication system by which all individuals have the ability to both transmit and review messages

20
Q

cultural transmission

A

property of a communication system referring to the fact that at least some aspects of it are learned through interaction with other users of the system

21
Q

arbitrariness

A

refers to the fact that word’s meaning is not predictable from its linguistic form, nor is its form dictated by its meaning

22
Q

linguistic sign

A

the combination of a linguistic form and its meaning

23
Q

convention

A

something that is established, commonly agreed upon, or operating in a certain way according to common practice

24
Q

non-arbitrariness

A

direct correspondence between the physical properties of a form and the meaning that the form refers to

25
Q

iconic

A

describes a relationship between form and meaning such that the form of a word bears a resemblance to its meaning

26
Q

onomatopoeia

A

the iconic use of words that are imitative of sound occurring in nature or that have meanings that are associated with such sounds

27
Q

conventionalized

A

the adjective to describe a convention in society

28
Q

sound symbolism

A

phenomenon by which certain sounds are evocative of a certain meaning ([i] implies smallness at times)

29
Q

discreteness

A

the property of communication systems by which complex messages may be built up out of smaller parts

30
Q

displacement

A

the property of some communication systems that allows them to be used to communicate about things, actions, and ideas that are not present at the place or time of communication

31
Q

productivity

A

the capacity of a communication system (unique to human language) for novel messages built out of discrete units to be produced and understood

32
Q

modality

A

mode of communication

33
Q

myths about signed languages (list 4)

A
  1. Signed languages are codes for local spoken languages (derived from those spoken languages)
  2. Sign languages are pantomime
    a. They don’t have internal structure
    b. They are completely iconic
  3. Signed languages are universally the same
34
Q

differences between codes and languages (list 4)

A
  1. a code is artificially constructed
  2. a code represents another language
  3. a code borrows its structure from a language
  4. a code never has a native speaker
  5. a language generally transmits information more quickly and efficiently