Phonology

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of the abstract categories that organize the sound system of a language.

Question 2

spectogram

Answer 2

a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give a hearing impression of speech sounds

Question 3

phone

Answer 3

A physical realization of a speech sounds like the voiceless or the
voiced alveolar approximant.

Question 4

Allophones of the phoneme

Answer 4

Phones which function as alternant re-
alisations of the same phoneme are called

Question 5

narrow transcription

Answer 5

(aka systematic allophonic transcription)Can be indicated by using brackets, e.g. [flot̚],rather than slashes for the transcription.

Question 6

distribution

Answer 6

refers to the different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot
occur in the words of a language.

Question 7

complementary distribution

Answer 7

Two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur
where the other cannot occur

Question 8

allophones

Answer 8

alternant realisations of speech sounds

Question 9

free variation

Answer 9

when one sound is substituted w/ another but does not change meaning of word (/t/ in bottle: [bat,l] vs. [ba?,l], /t/ and /?/ are not contrastive)

Question 10

final devoicing

Answer 10

the fact that a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position is known in literature as this.

Question 11

aspirated stop

Answer 11

the variant of /p/ that occurs in pin is called

Question 12

aspiration

Answer 12

the process of aspirating stops

Question 13

t/d-flapping

Answer 13

Here both /t/ and
/d/ can be realised as [ɾ],

Question 14

non-rhotic

Answer 14

r-sounds do not
seem to occur in word-final position

Question 15

rhotic

Answer 15

varieties of English are those in which r-sounds can occur in word-final position.

Question 16

monosyllabic

Answer 16

English truncated names consisting of one syllable.

Question 17

disyllabic

Answer 17

German truncated names that have two syllables.

Question 18

constituents

Answer 18

the elements that make up a syllable

Question 19

syllabic consonants

Answer 19

consanants which occupy the central part of the syllable.

Question 20

nucleus

Answer 20

our ‘slot for a vowel’

Question 21

onset

Answer 21

among our ‘slots for consanants, the prevolic slot is termed as this. It is optional

Question 22

coda

Answer 22

is the postvocalic slot , is optional.

Question 23

vowel epenthesis

Answer 23

the technical term for the insertion of vowels into syllables.

Question 24

syllabification

Answer 24

assigning syllable structure to words.

Question 25

Maximal Onset Principle

Answer 25

Given a sequence of consonants and vowels, syllabification proceeds in such a way that as many consonants as possible end up in an onset, even
if the language allows codas.

Question 26

Sonority

Answer 26

the technical term for the category that captures our acoustic impression of ‘clear audibility’.

Question 27

Sonority Sequencing Principle

Answer 27

It claims that sounds preceding the
nucleus (i.e. onsets) must rise in sonority, and sounds following the nucleus (i.e. codas) must fall in sonority.