Week 2: Urinary system

Question 1

What is IVU

Answer 1

Intravenous Urography

• KUB xray taken
• contrast into the arm (1ml per kg)
• screen while dye is in urinary system (immediate, 5 min, 15min)
• screen after excretion
• Will show stone, obstruction

Question 2

Why is compression applied during an IVU exam.

when won’t we compress??

Answer 2

compression will cover ureters to slow flow of urine into bladder
shows pelvic calyx better (enhances renal pelvis)

compression mustn’t occur if stones, or post surgery

Question 3

What factors affect IVU tomography (CT)

Answer 3

objects bellow and above fulcrum hight are blurred.

fulcrum hight must therefor be set at level of kidney

Question 4

What is horseshoe kidney

Answer 4

where kidney are connected

Question 5

what is hydronephrosis

Answer 5

where kidney/ureter swells caused by obstruction

symtom= increase urge to pee

Question 6

What is retrograde urography

Answer 6

Injection of contrast via the ureter into bladder (against normal flow) via pen15

patient then pisses into a bag and we image that shit to record reflux

Question 7

What is Antegrade Urography

Answer 7

is done if retrograde is not possible.
CM injected directly into bladder via needles.
pt prone

Question 8

indications for IVU

Answer 8

Hydropnephrosis (swelling from obstruction)
plylonephrosis (disease)
calculi
renal colic
Trauma

Question 9

what are the common locations for renal stones and why

Answer 9

PUJ (pelviv uretic junction)
ureter (crosses pelvic brim)
VUJ (vesico-ureteric junction)

because change of calibre of structure