week 2 topics

Question 1

Psychocative Drugs

Answer 1

A chemical (that isn’t food, air or water) that is not naturally found in the body, or administered is larger doses than normally found, that alter mind and behavior

Question 2

Drug Misuse

Answer 2

periodic or occasional improper or inappropirate use of social or prescription drug

Question 3

Drug Abuse

Answer 3

any instance of drug administration that is disapproved by the society in which it occurs; use of any drug to the extent that it interferes with a persons health, economic or social adjustment

Question 4

Drug Abuser

Answer 4

anyone who persistently consumes a subtance to an extent that it impairs their quality of life in some way

Question 5

Addiction

Answer 5

A bio-psycho-social phenomenon; a multi-facted process of drug dependency

Question 6

Physical dependency

Answer 6

physiological state of cellular adaptation that occues when the body becomes accustomed to a drug that it can only function normally when the drug is present

Question 7

Psychological dependency (behavioral or emotional)

Answer 7

may range from mild to compelling emotional need for periodic or continual use of a drug - such as an individual believing that they cannot funciton without it

Question 8

Withdrawl

Answer 8

negative bodily reaction i.e. physical distubance or illness that occurs during the process of ceasing to take a dug

Question 9

Why is compulsive behavior not an addiction

Answer 9

there is no psychoactive change to the brain, there is a different treatment approach and a different treatment system

Question 10

What are the Psychoactive drug groupings (5)

Answer 10

Depressants, opiods, stimulants, hallucinogens, psychotherapeutic agents

Question 11

Depressants

Answer 11

produce a reduction of arousal and activity in the CNS (benzodiazepines, barbituates, alcohol, solvents, antihistamines)

Question 12

Opioids

Answer 12

specific subgroup of CNS depressants that are able to mask pain and suppress a cough. Opioids mimic endorphin neurotransmiters (codeine, morphine, oxycontin, heroin, methadon)

Question 13

Stimulants

Answer 13

produce a general increase in the activity of cerebral cortex, creating mood elevation, increased vigilance and postponement of fatigue.

Question 14

Hallucinogens

Answer 14

psychoactive agents that produce a generalized disruption in the brain, especially of perception, cognition and mood (LSD, ecstasy, ketamine, cannabis)

Question 15

psychotherapeutic agents

Answer 15

acts on the CNS to affect mood and behavior; most frequently used to treat people with specific forms of mental illness & produce negative side effects (antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers)

Question 16

Fundamental Neurotransmitters (7)

Answer 16

dopamine | endocannabinoids | endorphins | GABA | glutamate | norepinephrine | serotonin

Question 17

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 17

examination of what drugs to do the body (tolerance & withdrawal)

Question 18

Tolerance

Answer 18

body’s adaptation to the presense of a drug, resulting in a loss of sensitivity to it; requires increased amounts to produce the same outscome. (dispositional or funcitonal)

Question 19

Withdrawl

Answer 19

negative bodily reaction (physical illness or disturbance) that occues during process of cessation

Question 20

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 20

how the drug is administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated from the body

Question 21

Oral Administration

Answer 21

Example: alcohol. Advantage: convenient. Disadvantage: slow (30 - 60 min)

Question 22

Inhalation administration

Answer 22

Example: nicotine. Advantage: fast (8 second) Disadvantage: damage to lungs

Question 23

Intravenous Injection administration

Answer 23

Ex: Heroin. Advantage: fast (15 sec). Disadvantage: Overdose, infections

Question 24

Mucous membrane administration

Answer 24

Ex: cocaine. Advantage: convenient (1-2 min). Disadvantage: tissue damage

Question 25

Subcutaneous injection admin (under the skin)

Answer 25

Ex: heroin. Advantage: safe & easier than IV (5-10 min). Disadvantage: infection

Question 26

Intramuscular injection admin.

Answer 26

Ex. Morphine. Advantage: controlled (10 - 15 min). Disadvantage: painful

Question 27

Transdermal administration

Answer 27

Ex: nicotine. Advantage: convenient (15 - 20 min). Disadvantage: limited application

Question 28

Distribution

Answer 28

by blood circulation (once a drug in blood stream makes it’s way thorugh body within a min. to CNS - drugs create effect by reaching specific cells in CNS.

Question 29

Elimination

Answer 29

metabolized by liver and eliminated through: feces, urine, sweat, saliva, breat milk. gases and volatile drugs will also be eliminated through the lungs

Question 30

4 C’s of addiction

Answer 30

compulsion, craving, consequences, control