Week 2: Perception Flashcards
Define top down processing
When knowledge and memories influence/guide our perceptions
Define bottom up processing
When stimuli are received by the senses and set the recognition process in motion. Making sense of the world through direct sensory experience.
Define sensation
A process of experiencing information via the senses that can later be processed and interpreted
Define perception
The set of processes by which we recognise, organise and make sense of sensations we receive from environmental stimuli
List the four properties in gestalt systems
- Emergence
- Reification
- Multistability
- Invariance
Define emergence
We recognise a whole image instantly, rather than combining its separate parts
Define reification
Contours give rise to real shapes that are generated and constructed from available data
Define multistability
Ambiguous perception moves back and forth between states
Define invariance
When we can recognise items as being the same thing, even when they visually appear to be different. They can be rotated, stretched, squeezed or distorted, but still recognised
List the common grouping principles in gestalt
- proximity
- similarity
- closure
- symmetry
- common fate
- continuity
Define proximity
items that are close together will be perceived as being one
Define similarity
Items that are similar will be perceived together
Define closure
If an entire shape is missing a part, our brains can put it together and se it as a whole
Define symmetry
When we see separate items, we tend to view them as shapes around the centre
Describe the template matching theory
In this theory, stimuli are compared to EXACT sets of templates and specific patterns are stored in memory.
