Week 2 Objective 1 + 2

Question 1

Ovarian cycle:

Follicular Phase

Answer 1

days 1-14 of menstrual cycle

development of mature Graafian follicle and secondary oocyte within ovary

Graafian follicle under influence of FSH

Question 2

Hypothalamus release _____ which stimulates the release of _________ from the _________ ________, where it is also produced

Answer 2

FSH-releasing factor from the anterior pituitary, where FSH is produced and stored

Question 3

Which cells of the developing follicle secrete a hormone responsible for the proliferation phase of the endometrium?

Answer 3

Granulosa cells of developing follicle

They produce estadiol

Question 4

When does ovulation occur?

How?

Answer 4

day 14 of cycle

rise in FSH and sharp rise in LH (also produced in the anterior pituitary)

Question 5

During ovulation the egg is

Answer 5

released from the Graafian follicle

Question 6

the Graafian follicle is made up of

Answer 6

thecal cells, which secretes progesterone

Question 7

Ovarian Cycle: Luteal Phase

Answer 7

Residual thecal cells progesterone
Residual granulosa cells secrete estrogen

Residual thecal/granulosa cells proliferate to form glandular corpeus luteum

Progesterone + thecal cells necessary to maintain the implantation of fertilized oocyte

Question 8

What happens if the oocyte is not fertilized?

Answer 8

Corpus luteum regresses: progesterone + estrogen decrease

Granulosa cells release inhibin, which inhibits release of gonadotropins (especially FSH), causing corpus luteum to regress

Question 9

Endometrial cycle

Answer 9

begins first day of menstruation and ends 28 days later

divided into three phases

Menstrual (1-4 or 5 days)
Proliferative (4 or 5-14 days)
Secretory (15-28 days)

Question 10

Menstrual phase

Answer 10

Endometrial build up from last cycle is sloughed off (menstrual flow)

Begins with…

1. vasoconstriction of the spiral arteries that have bee supplying the endometrium, followed by local ischemia

Question 11

Menstruation begins with…

Answer 11

Vasoconstriction of the spiral arteries that supplied blood to the endometrium, followed by local ischemia

Question 12

Menstrual phase: vasoconstriction

Answer 12

mediated by prostaglandins

first step in menstruation is the vasoconstriction of the spiral arteries that supplied the endometrium, followed by local ischemia

Question 13

Menstrual phase: inflammatory cells

Answer 13

inflammatory cells invade area and continue endometrial break down

Question 14

Factors involved in clotting, their role in menstruation

Answer 14

they remain inactivated until all the endometrial lining is sloughed off

Question 15

Proliferative Phase

Answer 15

days (4-5) to 14

caused by estradiol produced by Granulosa cells of developing ovarian follicle

blood vessels and glands grow with expanding endometrium

cells that initiate growth come from survival cells of last cycle (too deep to get sloughed off)

at end there’s a sharp rise in estradiol

Question 16

Secretory Phase

Answer 16

15-28 days

estrogen decrease, endometrial growth stops, progesterone increase

mucous glands develop fully, begin secretion

spiral arteries expand and heavily vascularize

controlled by rising progesterone, secreted by both thecal and granulosa cells