Week 2 Normal and Pathologic Aging in the CV and CP systems

Question 1

are all the changes in the CVP system of aging adults due to normal aging,

Answer 1

no, some are due to modifiable factors and not always aging

Question 2

what does aging do to the CVP system

Answer 2

changes the resiliency of the system to adapt to previously silent abnormalities and latent disease responses

Question 3

what is the major cause of death in people over 65

Answer 3

cardiovascular disease

Question 4

what are some normal changes in the thorax

Answer 4

calcification of cartilage, increase stiffness of costovertebral joints, increased AP diameter, increase wasting in respiratory muscles, structural changes that all lead to…
-increase resistance, less FVC, decreased coughing and increased risk of aspiration

Question 5

what are some normal changes to the lungs

Answer 5

increased alveolar size, and compliance, increase in mucus, but decreased secretion, increased stiffness of vasculature, decreased bronchial smooth muscle, decreased elasticity which all leads to…
-impaired gas exchange and air trapping, and decreased IRV and ERV, increased resistance, decreased Pulm a pressure, and mucus clearance.

Question 6

what are some other CP things that are normal with aging

Answer 6

decreased autonomic control
decreased muscle ATP reserves
decreased immune function
decreased protective reflexes like a cough

Question 7

what happens to IRV, TV, ERV, and RV with aging

Answer 7

IRV and ERV decrease, RV increases and TV RTS

Question 8

normal changes to the heart

Answer 8

increased fat and fibrosis content, increase in mass and volume, increase in calcification and decreased nerve conduction, and increase in etopic pacer

Question 9

blood vessel normal aging changes

Answer 9

increase loss of normal proportion of smooth muscle to CT and elastin
increased rigidity of larger arteries 
increased calcification 
increased dilation 
decreased vessel repair systems

Question 10

normal changes with blood

Answer 10

decreased total body water, decreased RBC production, decreased neutrophils.

Question 11

how does HR and CO and SV change in the AA

Answer 11

decreased both, which leads to decreased tissue oxygenation

Question 12

TF: aerobic capacity increases with age

Answer 12

false, it decreases by 1% a year

Question 13

what is work capacity reduced by

Answer 13

20-30%

Question 14

what happens to size and number of mitochondria and capillary fiber ration in the AA

Answer 14

both decreases

Question 15

TF: you have a decreased O2 uptake with aging

Answer 15

true

Question 16

TF: you have a decreased O2 transport

Answer 16

true

Question 17

sedentary individuals have a two-fold decrease in

Answer 17

VO2 max

Question 18

TF: you have an increase in skeletal muscle mass

Answer 18

false, decrease

Question 19

what does habitual physical activity do for AA

Answer 19

increased cardiorespiratory fitness for individuals

Question 20

what does a decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness mean for people

Answer 20

increased risk mortality

Question 21

TF: despite normal physiological changes with aging, positive cardiovascular changes occur the same with exercise in both older and younger

Answer 21

true

Question 22

what percentage is inadequate physical activity responsible for deaths with heart disease and other diseases

Answer 22

30%

Question 23

what are some pathologic changes to the CV/CP systems

Answer 23

pneumonia (community, aspiration and HAC), COPD, asthma and RLD, stroke, HTN, HF, Ischemic heart disease, CAD, MI, Lung CA, PVD, conduction system disease.

Question 24

why is OH so common among aging adults

Answer 24

you get a decrease in autonomic regulation of BP, which is combined with things like GI bleed, diarrhea, dehydration (leads to hypovolemia), and meds that can contribute

Question 25

what kinds of meds contribute to OH

Answer 25

antihypertensives, antipsychotics, antiparkinsonian drugs

Question 26

TF: OH does not contribute to high fall risk

Answer 26

false, it does

Question 27

what are interventions we can do with OH

Answer 27

ankle pumps, marching, hand clenching before standing,
counting to 5 before walking away from the chair
slow positional changes
pressure stockings.