Week 2 Normal and Pathologic Aging in the CV and CP systems Flashcards
are all the changes in the CVP system of aging adults due to normal aging,
no, some are due to modifiable factors and not always aging
what does aging do to the CVP system
changes the resiliency of the system to adapt to previously silent abnormalities and latent disease responses
what is the major cause of death in people over 65
cardiovascular disease
what are some normal changes in the thorax
calcification of cartilage, increase stiffness of costovertebral joints, increased AP diameter, increase wasting in respiratory muscles, structural changes that all lead to…
-increase resistance, less FVC, decreased coughing and increased risk of aspiration
what are some normal changes to the lungs
increased alveolar size, and compliance, increase in mucus, but decreased secretion, increased stiffness of vasculature, decreased bronchial smooth muscle, decreased elasticity which all leads to…
-impaired gas exchange and air trapping, and decreased IRV and ERV, increased resistance, decreased Pulm a pressure, and mucus clearance.
what are some other CP things that are normal with aging
decreased autonomic control
decreased muscle ATP reserves
decreased immune function
decreased protective reflexes like a cough
what happens to IRV, TV, ERV, and RV with aging
IRV and ERV decrease, RV increases and TV RTS
normal changes to the heart
increased fat and fibrosis content, increase in mass and volume, increase in calcification and decreased nerve conduction, and increase in etopic pacer
blood vessel normal aging changes
increase loss of normal proportion of smooth muscle to CT and elastin increased rigidity of larger arteries increased calcification increased dilation decreased vessel repair systems
normal changes with blood
decreased total body water, decreased RBC production, decreased neutrophils.
how does HR and CO and SV change in the AA
decreased both, which leads to decreased tissue oxygenation
TF: aerobic capacity increases with age
false, it decreases by 1% a year
what is work capacity reduced by
20-30%
what happens to size and number of mitochondria and capillary fiber ration in the AA
both decreases
TF: you have a decreased O2 uptake with aging
true
TF: you have a decreased O2 transport
true
sedentary individuals have a two-fold decrease in
VO2 max
TF: you have an increase in skeletal muscle mass
false, decrease
what does habitual physical activity do for AA
increased cardiorespiratory fitness for individuals
what does a decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness mean for people
increased risk mortality
TF: despite normal physiological changes with aging, positive cardiovascular changes occur the same with exercise in both older and younger
true
what percentage is inadequate physical activity responsible for deaths with heart disease and other diseases
30%
what are some pathologic changes to the CV/CP systems
pneumonia (community, aspiration and HAC), COPD, asthma and RLD, stroke, HTN, HF, Ischemic heart disease, CAD, MI, Lung CA, PVD, conduction system disease.
why is OH so common among aging adults
you get a decrease in autonomic regulation of BP, which is combined with things like GI bleed, diarrhea, dehydration (leads to hypovolemia), and meds that can contribute
what kinds of meds contribute to OH
antihypertensives, antipsychotics, antiparkinsonian drugs
TF: OH does not contribute to high fall risk
false, it does
what are interventions we can do with OH
ankle pumps, marching, hand clenching before standing,
counting to 5 before walking away from the chair
slow positional changes
pressure stockings.
