Week 2- Motor Learning Flashcards
Motor Learning
Acquisition and/or modification of movement
- After injury, reacquisition of movement skills lost
- Processes associated w/ practice or experience leading to permanent changes in skill
What does motor learning result from?
Experience and/or practice
How do we know motor learning has taken place?
- Inferred from behavior
- Individual can perform task effectively and w/o thinking about it in a variety of circumstances and contexts
What does motor learning produce?
Permanent changes in behavior
What role does time play in motor learning?
A break needs to be there to establish retention of learning
Times of long-term memory
- Explicit
- Implicit
Types of Explicit Memory
- Semantic
- Episodic
Types of Implicit Memory
- Procedural
- Priming
- Conditioning
- Nonassociative learning
Semantic Learning
Book learning, knowledge
Episodic Learning
Memory related to events
What is the relationship b/t declarative and nondeclarative memory?
We use declarative learning (requires intent) for learning new tasks, and we hope it will transition to nondeclarative memory
Procedural Learning
Developed slowly through repetition
Priming Learning
-
Conditioning Learning
Predicting relationships
Nonassociative learning
Habituation and sensitization
Schmidt’s Schema Theory
- Uses generalized motor programs, or schemas
- Predicts that variability of practice improved motor learning
Limitations of Schmidt’s Schema Theory
- Support is mixed for variable practice
- Doesn’t account for immediate acquisition of coordination
Ecological Theory
- Search for optimal strategies to solve a task given certain constraints
- Relies on connection b/t perception and action
Fitts and Posner 3-Stage Model
- Cognitive stage
- Associative stage
- Autonomous stage
Cognitive stage
- Acquisition of knowledge
- Trial and error stage
Associative stage
- Refining of skill
- Less variability
Autonomous stage
- Automaticity of skill
- Low degree of attention
Bernstein’s 3-Stage Model
- Key component is controlling/mastering degrees of freedom
- Novice stage
- Advance stage
- Expert stage
Novice stage
Simplify movement to decrease DOF
Advance stage
Gradual release of DOF
Expert stage
Release of all DOF
Gentile’s 2-Stage Model
- Stage 1 goal
- Stage 2 goal
Stage 1 goal
Develop understanding of the dynamics of a given task
Stage 2 goal
Refine the movement in both fixed and diverse situation
Why is it important to understand motor learning?
- Motor learning is a stimulant for neuroplastic change and remediation of maladaptive patterns
- Rewiring of motor cortex
