Week 2- Motor Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Learning

A

Acquisition and/or modification of movement

  • After injury, reacquisition of movement skills lost
  • Processes associated w/ practice or experience leading to permanent changes in skill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does motor learning result from?

A

Experience and/or practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we know motor learning has taken place?

A
  • Inferred from behavior

- Individual can perform task effectively and w/o thinking about it in a variety of circumstances and contexts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does motor learning produce?

A

Permanent changes in behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What role does time play in motor learning?

A

A break needs to be there to establish retention of learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Times of long-term memory

A
  • Explicit

- Implicit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of Explicit Memory

A
  • Semantic

- Episodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of Implicit Memory

A
  • Procedural
  • Priming
  • Conditioning
  • Nonassociative learning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Semantic Learning

A

Book learning, knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Episodic Learning

A

Memory related to events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the relationship b/t declarative and nondeclarative memory?

A

We use declarative learning (requires intent) for learning new tasks, and we hope it will transition to nondeclarative memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Procedural Learning

A

Developed slowly through repetition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Priming Learning

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conditioning Learning

A

Predicting relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nonassociative learning

A

Habituation and sensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Schmidt’s Schema Theory

A
  • Uses generalized motor programs, or schemas

- Predicts that variability of practice improved motor learning

17
Q

Limitations of Schmidt’s Schema Theory

A
  • Support is mixed for variable practice

- Doesn’t account for immediate acquisition of coordination

18
Q

Ecological Theory

A
  • Search for optimal strategies to solve a task given certain constraints
  • Relies on connection b/t perception and action
19
Q

Fitts and Posner 3-Stage Model

A
  • Cognitive stage
  • Associative stage
  • Autonomous stage
20
Q

Cognitive stage

A
  • Acquisition of knowledge

- Trial and error stage

21
Q

Associative stage

A
  • Refining of skill

- Less variability

22
Q

Autonomous stage

A
  • Automaticity of skill

- Low degree of attention

23
Q

Bernstein’s 3-Stage Model

A
  • Key component is controlling/mastering degrees of freedom
  • Novice stage
  • Advance stage
  • Expert stage
24
Q

Novice stage

A

Simplify movement to decrease DOF

25
Q

Advance stage

A

Gradual release of DOF

26
Q

Expert stage

A

Release of all DOF

27
Q

Gentile’s 2-Stage Model

A
  • Stage 1 goal

- Stage 2 goal

28
Q

Stage 1 goal

A

Develop understanding of the dynamics of a given task

29
Q

Stage 2 goal

A

Refine the movement in both fixed and diverse situation

30
Q

Why is it important to understand motor learning?

A
  • Motor learning is a stimulant for neuroplastic change and remediation of maladaptive patterns
  • Rewiring of motor cortex