Week 2 - Mental Health History Flashcards
Name 2 people involved in the Moral Treatment Era.
William York and Phillip Pinel
Where and when did the first mental hospital in the US for the purpose of treating the mentally ill open?
October 1773 in Williamsburg, VA.
- Advocated state by state to promote providing mental health care for the seriously mentally ill in each state.
- State commitments to mental health care.
- Bill for the Benefit of the Indigent Insane
- Mental health care the responsibility of the states.
Dorothea Dix
A physician at Friends asylum in Philly who signed the Declaration of Independence and is considered the father of American psychiatry, promoted moral treatment. Held racist ideas about Africans.
Benjamin Rush
Psychiatrist in the early 1900s at Sheppard Asylum in Towson, MD. Also was a craftsman and believed in the therapeutic value of crafts, he supervised the occupational classes.
William Rush Dunton
Leading psychiatrist of the 20th century at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Active supporter of OT. Wrote “The Philosophy of OT” in 1922
Adolf Meyer
Director in the NYS Department of Mental Hygiene, emphasized habit training
Eleanor Clarke Slagle
What did Eleanor Clarke Slagle emphasize?
Habit training
Emphasized work therapy, which included many crafts.
Herbert James Hall
- Integration of the ego
- therapeutic use of self
- occupations provided a laboratory for living to learn in a give and take with others a new way to interact effectively
Gail Fidler
Developer of application of theory to practice
Ann Cronin Mosey
Why does the WW2 draft relate to mental health?
-Gov’t was concerned and become alarmed about the number of adult males with mental illness. They started to make laws related to mental illness.
Describe the progression of mental health treatments to the discovery of anti-psychotics in the 1950s.
-Insulin shot therapy to Electro conversion therapy (ECT) to phenothysines to anti-psychotics
Describe the Community Mental Health Act.
- involved with deinstitutionalization.
- Gov’t provided funding to set up community mental health programs - care was provided by nonprofits and state facilities.
- created by JFK admin.
Provided money for the basic needs of people living in the community with mental illness
SSI & SSD
What did deinstitutionalization lead to?
short-term hospitalization - found that this was just as effective as long-term, saves money, gets people into the community
During which movement was NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness) created?
Consumer Movement (1960s and 70s)
Name 3 obstacles preventing Americans with mental illnesses from getting the excellent care they deserve. (Identified by Bush admin.)
- stigma that surrounds mental illnesses
- unfair treatment limitations and financial requirements placed on mental health benefits in private health insurance
- The fragmented mental health service delivery system.
Successfully transforming the mental health service delivery system rests on what 2 principles?
- Services and treatments must be consumer and family centered
- Care must focus on increasing consumers’ ability to successfully cope with life’s challenges, on facilitating recovery and on building resilience, not just on managing symptoms.
Supposed to require insurance companies to reimburse mental health conditions the same way as physical health conditions, but in reality, it’s not doing that.
Mental Health Parity Act
Describe the Affordable Care Act.
Tried to integrate physical health care with mental health care.
Name 3 mental health settings with consultant methods.
Residential programs, transitional and supported employment, outpatient clinics
Personalized Recovery Oriented Services (PROS)
treatment for longer periods of time during residual phase of illness, can help pt. return to work, etc.
Name the 3 overall components of the Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI-II).
semi-structured interview, rating scale, life history narrative
Name the 5 aspects of the semi-structured interview of the Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI-II).
- activity/occupational choices
- critical life events
- daily routine
- occupational roles
- occupational behavior settings.
Name the 3 rating scales of the Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI-II) that convert the info gathered in the interview into 3 measures.
- occupational identity scale
- occupational competence scale
- occupational behavior settings scale
occupational identity scale
measures the degree to which an individual has internalized a positive occupational identity.
occupational competence scale
measures the degree to which an individual can sustain productive and satisfying occupational behavior.
occupational behavior settings scale
measures the impact of the environment on the client’s occupational life.
Describe the ideal structure of client interviews.
Start less structured and provided more structure as indicated.
require the client to change the info or ideas into a different but parallel form.
translation questions
require clients to recall info.
memory questions.
help clients to discover relationships among facts
interpretation questions
ask clients to apply info or skills to a specific problem
application questions
ask the client to solve problems by breaking it into parts. focus on developing the conscious awareness of thought processes used for reaching logical conclusions.
analysis questions
encourage the client to solve problems through the use of creative thinking.
synthesis questions
ask a client to make a value judgment.
evaluative questions
Which clients do the OPHI-II tend to be more appropriate for?
high-level functioning clients (Ex: bipolar disorder, depression, etc.
