Week 2 lecture

Question 1

difference between primary health care (PHC) and health promotion

Answer 1

primary healthcare has principles and health promotion has strategies

Question 2

principles of PHC

Answer 2

• accessibility
• health promotion
• interdisciplinary collaboration
• use of skills and technology
• public participation

Question 3

accessibility (PHC principle) includes

Answer 3

transportation, income, cultural factors

Question 4

health promotion (PHC principle) includes

Answer 4

social, economic, and environmental factors

Question 5

interdisciplinary collaboration (PHC principle) includes

Answer 5

working with other stakeholders

Question 6

use of skills and technology (PHC principle) includes

Answer 6

policy development, networking, have to think about communities accessibility

Question 7

public participation (PHC principle) includes

Answer 7

think of who the community is

Question 8

health promotion is about…

Answer 8

building healthy public policy

Question 9

primordial prevention

Answer 9

preventing the development of risk factors
- focused more at the population level
- includes upstream thinking
- health concerns are not present

Question 10

primordial prevention example

Answer 10

improve sanitation, provide education

Question 11

primary prevention

Answer 11

risk avoidance; prevent the onset of disease
- focused more at the population level
- health concerns are not present

Question 12

primary prevention example

Answer 12

providing immunizations

Question 13

secondary prevention

Answer 13

risk reduction; early detection of a disease or illness before S+S are present
- focused more on the individual; smaller picture thinking
- midstream thinking
- health concerns may or may not be present

Question 14

secondary prevention example

Answer 14

pap smears, screenings

Question 15

tertiary prevention

Answer 15

rehabilitation; preventing further progression of illness or injury
- focused more at individual level
- health concerns are present
- downstream thinking

Question 16

tertiary prevention example

Answer 16

providing diabetic foot care to someone with diabetes; any acute care service

Question 17

quaternary prevention

Answer 17

preventing overmedicalization
- focuses more on the population
- health concerns are present

Question 18

quaternary prevention example

Answer 18

not prescribing tests or medications immediately to someone with a gene that causes cancer

Question 19

purpose of epidemiology

Answer 19

describe, explain, predict, and control challenges to population health

Question 20

disease results from…

Answer 20

relationships between causal agents, susceptible people, and environmental factors

Question 21

epidemiological triangle

Answer 21

agent, host, environment in relation to disease
- change in one element can influence disease occurrence by increasing or decreasing risk

Question 22

interventions for relationship between agent and environment (epidemiological triangle)

Answer 22

remove any breeding rounds and improve sanitation

Question 23

interventions for relationship between environment and host (epidemiological triangle)

Answer 23

provide education, change activity patterns, quarantine

Question 24

interventions for relationship between host and agent (epidemiological triangle)

Answer 24

provide education, protection, and deal with after exposures

Question 25

web of causation

Answer 25

interrelationships of many different factors that increase or decrease risk of disease
- links causes and effects

Question 26

steps to community empowerment

Answer 26

1. personal development
2. mutual support groups
3. issue identification
4. participation/advocacy
5. collective action

Question 27

antecedents to empowerment

Answer 27

prerequisites for empowerment; based on behavioural change model
- insight
- willingness to change
- energy/resources to change

Question 28

health promotion strategies

Answer 28

• build healthy public policy
• create supportive environments
• strengthen community action
• develop personal skills
• reorient health services

Question 29

the connection between health promotion and primary health care is through…

Answer 29

primordial prevention