Week 2 lecture Flashcards
difference between primary health care (PHC) and health promotion
primary healthcare has principles and health promotion has strategies
principles of PHC
- accessibility
- health promotion
- interdisciplinary collaboration
- use of skills and technology
- public participation
accessibility (PHC principle) includes
transportation, income, cultural factors
health promotion (PHC principle) includes
social, economic, and environmental factors
interdisciplinary collaboration (PHC principle) includes
working with other stakeholders
use of skills and technology (PHC principle) includes
policy development, networking, have to think about communities accessibility
public participation (PHC principle) includes
think of who the community is
health promotion is about…
building healthy public policy
primordial prevention
preventing the development of risk factors
- focused more at the population level
- includes upstream thinking
- health concerns are not present
primordial prevention example
improve sanitation, provide education
primary prevention
risk avoidance; prevent the onset of disease
- focused more at the population level
- health concerns are not present
primary prevention example
providing immunizations
secondary prevention
risk reduction; early detection of a disease or illness before S+S are present
- focused more on the individual; smaller picture thinking
- midstream thinking
- health concerns may or may not be present
secondary prevention example
pap smears, screenings
tertiary prevention
rehabilitation; preventing further progression of illness or injury
- focused more at individual level
- health concerns are present
- downstream thinking
tertiary prevention example
providing diabetic foot care to someone with diabetes; any acute care service
quaternary prevention
preventing overmedicalization
- focuses more on the population
- health concerns are present
quaternary prevention example
not prescribing tests or medications immediately to someone with a gene that causes cancer
purpose of epidemiology
describe, explain, predict, and control challenges to population health
disease results from…
relationships between causal agents, susceptible people, and environmental factors
epidemiological triangle
agent, host, environment in relation to disease
- change in one element can influence disease occurrence by increasing or decreasing risk
interventions for relationship between agent and environment (epidemiological triangle)
remove any breeding rounds and improve sanitation
interventions for relationship between environment and host (epidemiological triangle)
provide education, change activity patterns, quarantine
interventions for relationship between host and agent (epidemiological triangle)
provide education, protection, and deal with after exposures
web of causation
interrelationships of many different factors that increase or decrease risk of disease
- links causes and effects
steps to community empowerment
- personal development
- mutual support groups
- issue identification
- participation/advocacy
- collective action
antecedents to empowerment
prerequisites for empowerment; based on behavioural change model
- insight
- willingness to change
- energy/resources to change
health promotion strategies
- build healthy public policy
- create supportive environments
- strengthen community action
- develop personal skills
- reorient health services
the connection between health promotion and primary health care is through…
primordial prevention
