Chapter 13: community nursing process and assessments Flashcards
geopolitical boundaries
both physical environment and districts/legal jurisdictions
aggregate communities
groups of people with common interests
community functions that must be provided
infrastructure, employment/income, security, participation, linkages
community functions are supported by..
community dynamics
3 interactive community dynamics
communication, leadership, decision making
vertical communication
links communities to other larger communities
horizontal communication
connects community to work with its own members
diagonal communication
reinforces horizontal and vertical communication
formal leaders
elected official politicians
informal leaders
individuals with prominent positions within the community
formal leaders use what to make decisions for the community..
government policies
informal leaders use what to make decisions for the community…
status to influence groups and effect change
community as a partner model
2 main attributes are community and the nursing process; focuses on the people and stressors of community in order to implement efficient and purposeful interventions
- components of a community assessment
- lines of defence and resistance
epidemiologic framework
host-environment-agent; examines frequency and distribution of disease, health, and social conditions
- use of web of causation
- what, who, where, when, why, how
capacity building framework
allows community members to take responsibility for their own development; focus is on strengthening
- involves health promotion initiatives
- community asset mapping
community asset mapping
outlines assets and capacity of a community by identifying strengths and resources
community health promotional model
goal is to apply health promotion strategies to achieve collaboration and sustainable health outcomes
- planning, intervention, evaluation
- holistic approach to promote health and attain higher quality community life
social determinants of health
employment, housing, food, education, childhood years, workplace safety, social inclusion, access to health systems
environmental scan (type of community assessment)
windshield survey; driving around the neighbourhood using 5 senses in order to help connect people with resources in their environment
- best done at 2 different times of day and on different days of the week
needs assessment (type of community assessment)
based on appropriate and cost effective services that meet needs and deficits, not desires and wants
- includes investigation and determination of resources
problem investigation (type of community assessment)
conducted in response to concern
- investigate occurence and distribution, root causes, effects
- develop responsive plans
resource evaluation (type of community assessment)
includes assessment and evaluation of existing community services
- who, what, where, outcome; PISO
- PISO; population, intervention, setting, outcome
community history (component of community assessment)
understanding past allows understanding of root cause
population (component of community assessment)
composition, at risk, trends in growth or decline, density
population definition
group of people or aggregates residing within boundaries of a community
group definition
two or more people
aggregate
group of people with common interests
target population definiton
population of which a nursing intervention is intended for
population at risk definition
group of individuals with a high risk of developing illness
priority/vulnerable population definition
people who are disadvantaged or vulnerable to health inequity
boundaries (component of community assessment)
where target population exists; healthy communities have permeable boundaries
physical boundaries
include geographic boundaries
artificial boundaries
include political boundaries and situational boundaries
environments (component of community assessment)
contribute to quality of life through biological/chemical characteristics and physical characteristics
socioeconomic environment (component of community assessment)
strong social network provides opportunities and helps to build relationships
income and social status (component of community assessment)
most important determinant of health; contribute significantly to physical health
employment and working conditions (component of community assessment)
people who are employed and work in safe environments live longer and are more stress free
social supports and networks (component of community assessment)
positive relationships improve health status
diversity and social inclusion (component of community assessment)
when people feel they belong they reach their full potential as contributing society members
education (component of community assessment)
provides necessary life and technical skills leading to health and prosperity
community surveys (method for community data collection)
capture broad range data in a short period of time by providing questions addressing issues and populations being studied
- provides snapshot
community forums (method for community data collection)
public meetings where members discuss concerns and share experiences with decision makers
- inexpensive
focus groups (method for community data collection)
useful for in depth information when surveys fail to serve their purpose
- participants are usually more homogenous
risk definition
probability that a healthy person exposed to a specific factor will acquire a specific disease
risk assessment
identify target peoples who are likely to contract a particular disease and assess attributes that affect their health
community analysis relies on..
understanding of how social determinants interact and impact community health
4 components of community nursing diagnosis
- aggregate or target group
- healthy or unhealthy responses
- etiology
- characteristics
5 principles of primary healthcare
accessibility, health promotion, intersectoral cooperation, appropriate technology, public transportation
population-focused health promotion strategies include..
advocacy for healthy public policy, community action strengthening, and creation of supportive environments
community participatory approach for planning
collaboration between members and stakeholders helps to decide what needs to become a priority and actions to take
community participatory tools help to do what..
quantify and qualify health issues, needs, or concerns
community needs matrix tool
helps to identify what is perceived to be the most important health problem or most feasible interventions
community governance
decision making process where management and leadership are taken by community stakeholders to meet needs and priorities
3 community skills that must be encompassed by community governance
engaging citizens measuring results, getting things done
community development
intended to strengthen community and begins with a need for change
community development focuses on..
consensus building
community mobilization
few individuals taking action to generate solutions and eventually involves larger community
role of CHN’s
make ethical decisions while advocating for human equality
- goal is to achieve optimal health for all
