Chapter 7: theoretical foundations of community health nursing

Question 1

theory

Answer 1

provides roots that anchor practice and research
- describe phenomena, explain relationships, predict consequences,

Question 2

informal theories

Answer 2

nurses own ideas about the cause of a particular issue or problem

Question 3

Health inequity

Answer 3

health differences among population groups described as social, economic, demographic, or geographic that are unfair or unavoidable

Question 4

Philosophy

Answer 4

an abstract statement about what is believed to be true in terms of the development of knowledge and what is valued in terms of practice

Question 5

conceptual model/framework

Answer 5

contains abstract concepts and statements about their relationship and provides a way to organize and visualize them

Question 6

individual level of practice

Answer 6

working with people to change knowledge, attitude, practice, and behaviours

Question 7

community level of practice

Answer 7

looks to change community norms, attitudes, behaviours and practice to promote the health of its members

Question 8

metaparadigm

Answer 8

most abstract level of knowledge that identifies the phenomena of central discipline and describes the concepts/ relationships among them

Question 9

social justice

Answer 9

focuses on the relative position of one social group in relation to others in a society as well as on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them

Question 10

social determinants of health definition

Answer 10

circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness

Question 11

upstream approach

Answer 11

prevention or health promotion approach

Question 12

strategy for health promotion outlined by Nightingale

Answer 12

make health issues visible to the public and to politicians

Question 13

theoretical perspective

Answer 13

a variety of theories that differ in significant ways from one another but share the same concepts

Question 14

complexity science theory

Answer 14

there are numerous and diverse parts interactions with the potential to evolve to a new situation

Question 15

social ecological theory

Answer 15

health of individuals, communities, and populations is influenced by people and their environment

Question 16

critical social theory

Answer 16

multiple social and economic forces resulting in power differentials within society

Question 17

feminist theory

Answer 17

focuses on the role of sexism and oppression in creating inequities

Question 18

intersectionality theory

Answer 18

multiple oppressive forces at play

Question 19

postcolonial theory

Answer 19

role of race and history in creating inequities

Question 20

Conceptual model of Canadian community as a partner

Answer 20

community is a dynamic system that interacts with its environment and moves through the phases of community assessment, analysis, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation

Question 21

Conceptual model of population health promotion

Answer 21

link between population health and promotion at various levels of action and is used to identify specific actions to create a comprehensive action strategy
- attention is directed to individual, family, and community

Question 22

Conceptual model of multiple interventions for community health framework

Answer 22

interrelated social, cultural, political, and economic factors influence the health of individuals
- based in a socioecological framework
- considers determinants of health
- effects may change overtime with changing players and leadership

Question 23

Conceptual model of health promotion

Answer 23

health promoting behaviour directed toward positive health outcome at an individual level
- how range of individual experiences affect health promoting behaviours
- useful in changing personal health

Question 24

Conceptual model of calgary family assessment

Answer 24

organizing framework for clinical work with individual families that focuses on interaction of all individuals within a family and is inclusive of past, present, and future

Question 25

Conceptual model of holistic community health nursing

Answer 25

outlines nursing care for the individual, family, and community
- allows for collaboration and partnership because it supports broad scope

Question 26

Conceptual model of intervention wheel

Answer 26

demonstrates relationship between interventions and outcomes for different levels of practice
- considers determinants of health
- emphasizes health promotion and prevention
- considers client and focus of care

Question 27

Grand nursing theory of human scaring science

Answer 27

based on carative processes that reflect deep respect for life and human caring
- values subjective experiences of both the individual and the nurse and relationship between them

Question 28

Grand nursing theory of Roy’s adaptation model

Answer 28

focuses on the interaction between individuals and their environment
-physiological, self concept, role function. and interdependence
- purpose os to explain how nurses can facilitate change process toward individuals goals

Question 29

Grand nursing theory of self care deficit

Answer 29

aims to facilitate the client/nurse interaction to preserve integrity through self care

Question 30

Grand nursing theory of human becoming

Answer 30

3 principles; people structure and knowingly choose the meaning of their reality, people create patterns in their life that convey meaning and value, people change as they engage with and choose from possibilities.

Question 31

Middle range critical caring theory

Answer 31

7 carative health promoting processes that reflect the core of public health nursing
- uses definition of client to encompass communities and populations

Question 32

Middle range strengths based theory

Answer 32

thinking about positives, things that work well, and potential
- balance between focusing on strengths and dealing with problems

Question 33

Middle range relational inquiry theory

Answer 33

personal, interpersonal, and contextual elements shape peoples experiences and life situations
- capacities and socio environmental limitations influence peoples health/illness experiences, decision making, and ways of managing health

Question 34

Practice or substantive theories

Answer 34

least complex, fewer concepts, refer to specific and well defined phenomena
- prescriptive and provide direction for practice