Chapter 7: theoretical foundations of community health nursing Flashcards
theory
provides roots that anchor practice and research
- describe phenomena, explain relationships, predict consequences,
informal theories
nurses own ideas about the cause of a particular issue or problem
Health inequity
health differences among population groups described as social, economic, demographic, or geographic that are unfair or unavoidable
Philosophy
an abstract statement about what is believed to be true in terms of the development of knowledge and what is valued in terms of practice
conceptual model/framework
contains abstract concepts and statements about their relationship and provides a way to organize and visualize them
individual level of practice
working with people to change knowledge, attitude, practice, and behaviours
community level of practice
looks to change community norms, attitudes, behaviours and practice to promote the health of its members
metaparadigm
most abstract level of knowledge that identifies the phenomena of central discipline and describes the concepts/ relationships among them
social justice
focuses on the relative position of one social group in relation to others in a society as well as on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them
social determinants of health definition
circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness
upstream approach
prevention or health promotion approach
strategy for health promotion outlined by Nightingale
make health issues visible to the public and to politicians
theoretical perspective
a variety of theories that differ in significant ways from one another but share the same concepts
complexity science theory
there are numerous and diverse parts interactions with the potential to evolve to a new situation
social ecological theory
health of individuals, communities, and populations is influenced by people and their environment
critical social theory
multiple social and economic forces resulting in power differentials within society
feminist theory
focuses on the role of sexism and oppression in creating inequities
intersectionality theory
multiple oppressive forces at play
postcolonial theory
role of race and history in creating inequities
Conceptual model of Canadian community as a partner
community is a dynamic system that interacts with its environment and moves through the phases of community assessment, analysis, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation
Conceptual model of population health promotion
link between population health and promotion at various levels of action and is used to identify specific actions to create a comprehensive action strategy
- attention is directed to individual, family, and community
Conceptual model of multiple interventions for community health framework
interrelated social, cultural, political, and economic factors influence the health of individuals
- based in a socioecological framework
- considers determinants of health
- effects may change overtime with changing players and leadership
Conceptual model of health promotion
health promoting behaviour directed toward positive health outcome at an individual level
- how range of individual experiences affect health promoting behaviours
- useful in changing personal health
Conceptual model of calgary family assessment
organizing framework for clinical work with individual families that focuses on interaction of all individuals within a family and is inclusive of past, present, and future
Conceptual model of holistic community health nursing
outlines nursing care for the individual, family, and community
- allows for collaboration and partnership because it supports broad scope
Conceptual model of intervention wheel
demonstrates relationship between interventions and outcomes for different levels of practice
- considers determinants of health
- emphasizes health promotion and prevention
- considers client and focus of care
Grand nursing theory of human scaring science
based on carative processes that reflect deep respect for life and human caring
- values subjective experiences of both the individual and the nurse and relationship between them
Grand nursing theory of Roy’s adaptation model
focuses on the interaction between individuals and their environment
-physiological, self concept, role function. and interdependence
- purpose os to explain how nurses can facilitate change process toward individuals goals
Grand nursing theory of self care deficit
aims to facilitate the client/nurse interaction to preserve integrity through self care
Grand nursing theory of human becoming
3 principles; people structure and knowingly choose the meaning of their reality, people create patterns in their life that convey meaning and value, people change as they engage with and choose from possibilities.
Middle range critical caring theory
7 carative health promoting processes that reflect the core of public health nursing
- uses definition of client to encompass communities and populations
Middle range strengths based theory
thinking about positives, things that work well, and potential
- balance between focusing on strengths and dealing with problems
Middle range relational inquiry theory
personal, interpersonal, and contextual elements shape peoples experiences and life situations
- capacities and socio environmental limitations influence peoples health/illness experiences, decision making, and ways of managing health
Practice or substantive theories
least complex, fewer concepts, refer to specific and well defined phenomena
- prescriptive and provide direction for practice
