Week 2 - Global Health and Its Determinants Flashcards
What is the motivation for global health ?
- Increased awareness of global health disparities
- enthusiasm to make a difference across international boundaries
Distribution of age at death
Low and middle income countries tend to have a higher percentage of younger people (0-69) that die than high income countries
What’s global health and what it isn’t ?
It isn’t international health as that’s defined by :
- geography ( poor nations)
- problems ( infection, water , sanitation )
- instruments ( infection control , Aid , knowledge , medical resources )
- A recipient and donor relationship
Recipient and donor relationship
Recipients :
- poor
- ignorant
- threat
- needy and passive
- traditional
Donors :
- rich
- knowledgable and skilful
- benevolent
- philanthropic and active
- modern
What’s Asymmetry?
That the problems flow from south to north and solutions flow from north to south
‘Us’ and ‘them’ model
It isn’t working
Is it public health ?
Public health concerns
- prevention
- equity
- population based approaches
- scientifically validated technical approaches
What is global health ?
Health of the global population
Not dependence but interdependence
Not international but translational
Not just ‘medical model’ but also wider determinants of health
Not just health professionals but all disciplines and sectors
Not just prevention but also clinical care
What is global health continued ….
Is an area for study , research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. Global health emphasises translational health issues , determinants and solutions involves many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences and promotes interdisciplinary collaboration and is a synthesis of population based prevention with individual level of clinical care.
Why this shift ?
Interconnected and globalised world
Interconnection - threats , their nature , distribution and consequences ( examples )
Interdependence - distribution of power , responsibility , capacity to respond and disciplines
Why this shift continued …
- wider determinants of health
- role of other disciplines I.e economics , anthropology , psychology , political science , law and philosophy .
- HIV epidemic and vertical programmes and health systems
- role of primary care
- new vectors - tobacco industry , food industry
Solutions - interdependence ?
- regulation of quality of imported foods , medicines , manufactured goods and inputs
- getting timely access to info about global spread of Infectious diseases
- procurement of sufficient vaccine and drug supplies in a pandemic
- ensuring a sufficient crops of well trained health personnel
Downside ..?
- practical issues (security and governance )
- common health issues ( what about the difference )
- Ethics
: human rights ( smoke - free homes in China )
: equity - based values and therefore not a neutral science .
What are the determinants -1
Global issues that affect us all :
- global warming
- development , poverty and inequality
- food and security
- wars and security threats
- migration
- international flow of people , goods , ideas , capabilities , influences , services and information
- process set up for production , communication , travel and trade .
How is risk transferred from high income countries to low income countries ?
Bangladesh
- garment factories
- cheap labour
- weak regulation
Determinants -2
- natural environment
- people (movement )
- production of goods and services
- consumption of goods and services
- information , knowledge and culture
- rules
