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INFORMATICS > week 2 (exam 1) > Flashcards

week 2 (exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Public Health Informatics Competency?

A

Definition: A public health worker’s observable or measurable performance, skill, or knowledge related to the systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health

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2
Q

what are the duties of front line staff, senior level technical staff, supervisor/management staff?

A

Front line staff: carry out the day-to-day activities
health educators, nurses, lab technicians, counselors

Senior level technical staff: individuals with a specialized staff function, but not managers
epidemiologists, biostatisticians, health planners, health policy analysts, lawyers, information technology professionals

Supervisor/management staff: responsible for major programs or functions of an organization, with staff who report to them

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3
Q

explain the different levels of skill: aware, knowledgeable, proficient.

A

Aware: may be able to ID the concept or skill but limited ability to perform the skill

Knowledgeable: able to apply and describe the skill

Proficient: able to synthesize, critique, or teach the skill

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4
Q

What are the 3 classes of informatics competencies for public health professionals?

A

1) Use of information for public health practice

2) Use of information technology to increase individual’s effectiveness as a public health practitioner
Esp. for front-line and senior-level technical staff

3) Management of information technology projects to improve public health effectiveness
Esp. for supervisory staff

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5
Q

What are the 3 Core Functions that rely on health data?

A

Assessment:
Identify health problems
Identify disparities
Track emerging threats and diseases

Policy Development:
To support the need for policy and intervention

Assurance:
Examine progress toward adopting better health practices, disparities, distribution of health resources
Assure that efforts and resources are promoting health and caring for those with diseases
Measure program impact & effectiveness of care

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6
Q

Define Public Heath Surveillance

A

the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice

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7
Q

What are the KEY factors in finding and using data?

A

Clearly specify your research question

Where to find data/information:

  • -Data that’s been collected by others:
  • —-Online through different government agencies —–(CDC, NCHS)
  • —-often as reports
  • —-new tools let user create tables
  • —-datasets available for secondary analysis
  • —-Published in peer-reviewed journals
  • -Collect your own

Determine quality of the data

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8
Q

What factors affect the quality of the data??

A

WHO is collecting it

How REPRESENTATIVE the sample is

WHAT questions are asked

HOW data are collected (interview, phone, online survey, written questionnaire, record review, clinical exam)

WHEN data were collected

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9
Q

name the 5 Surveillance Systems

A

1) Vital Statistics
2) Case Surveillance
3) Sentinel Surveillance
4) Behavioral Surveillance
5) Syndromic Surveillance

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10
Q

National Vital Statistics systems include what kind of records? what are the uses of these records?

A

Birth, fetal death, abortion, infant death, marriage, divorce, and death information

Mandated by federal law, regulated by states

Standard forms for birth and death certificates, latest are electronic

Uses:
Infant mortality and life expectancy are key health indicators
Allows tracking and understanding of trends related to causes of death
Legal documents

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11
Q

what is the Death Registration data flow?

A

Funeral home reports demographics

Attending physician certifies death/natural cause of death

Medical examiner certifies and reports other causes of death or unattended death

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12
Q

define Morbidity?

A

Morbidity: level of sickness or disease within a community

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13
Q

What are the Major Surveys for CASE SURVEILLANCE –> Morbidity data?

A

1) National Health Interview Survey

–principal source of national health information from general population (demographics, health status/presence of disease, insurance status, access to services, behaviors)

–Conducted using computer-assisted personal interviewing

2) National Health Care Surveys:

–health information from providers: offices, ED, hospitals, home care agencies, residential care agencies

–Asks about quality of care, staffing, clinical management of specific condition, use of health care technologies

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14
Q

WHy is it important to follow vital statistics mortality data?

A

because it’s an important indicator of the health of a population.

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15
Q

case surveillance deals predominantly with what kind of data?

A

Morbidity (sickness or disease)

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16
Q

National Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems (NNDSS) handles what?

A

State and local health departments collect data from labs, hospitals, doctors and share with CDC

Mandatory state reporting, voluntary federal reporting

List of diseases changes over time
Some become less prevalent
New diseases emerge

International regulations require reporting of some diseases: cholera, plague, and yellow fever

US List for 2014 includes: anthrax, foodborne illnesses, STI’s, and more

Key component is NEDSS: electronic reporting used by 46 states, NYC, DC

17
Q

What are Case Surveillance Registries? What are they used for?

A

Databases that contains information about people with SPECIFIC DISEASES (e.g. diabetes, CA), VACCINATIONS, PROCEDURES, PRODUCTS, or EXPOSURES

National Registry of Myocardial Infarction Tx Rates
National Program of Cancer Registries
American Joint Replacement Registry
Maryland ImmuNet

Used to:
Estimate incidence, prevalence, and outcomes
Improve care
Identify potential research trial participants

18
Q

What (explain) is Sentinel Surveillance?

A

Collecting data from SPECIFIC LOCATIONS for specific reasons, such as from all labs in an area that report all cases of a specific disease

FoodNet: Conducts surveillance for foodborne illnesses (including e coli, salmonella, listeria, etc.)

  • Collaboration of CDC, 10 State Health Departments, and labs in those states.
  • Represents 15% of US population
  • Used to identify outbreaks, assess the impact of initiatives on food safety
19
Q

name 3 Behavioral Surveillance (aka Premorbid Data)

A

1) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
-Tracks risk behaviors and health conditions in US ADULTS
physical activity, overweight, seat belt use, tobacco and alcohol, use of preventive care services
Telephone survey conducted by states with CDC support

2) National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey (NHANES):
Assesses the health and nutritional status of ADULTS AND CHILDREN in the United States.
combines interviews and physical examinations.

3) Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)
Monitors priority health-risk behaviors and the prevalence of obesity and asthma among YOUTH
School-based paper survey

20
Q

explain Syndromic Surveillance?

A

Surveillance using NON-TRADITIONAL health-related data that PRECEDE a diagnosis
used for earlier detection of bioterrorism and disease outbreaks

21
Q

why use Syndromic Surveillance?

A

Originally to detect bioterrorism attacks

Situational awareness

  • Start of flu season
  • Monitoring other public health problems

Examples
ESSENCE: JH APL and DOD
BioSense 2.0: CDC

22
Q

List some data sources? (clinical and non-clinical data)

A 
Clinical data
ED visits
Nurse call lines
School nurse visits
Poison Control Center
Lab/radiology order
Prescription med sales
Non-clinical data
OTC med sales
Work/school absenteeism
Ambulance dispatch data/911 calls
Zoonotic surveillance
Health web searches
Online restaurant reservations
23
Q

What is Aberration Detection and why is it done?

A

(abberration is something that a is not normal)
Statistical procedures to determine whether changes in frequency of events are significant

  • Accommodation of recent events, day of week and special day effects
  • Spatial versus temporal aberrations

“Eyeball Method” – visual inspection of data by an analyst

24
Q

what are the 2 types of alerting Mechanisms and when are they used?

A

YELLOW- low level warning (P value falls between the 95% and 99% confidence interval)

RED- High level alert (P value exceeds the 99% confidence interval)

25
Q

If you receive an alert what should you do?

A

Evaluate symptomatology and distribution

Evaluate for coding errors

Scrutinize alternate data streams (Check with ER docs, school nurses)

Situational awareness: what’s going on in your community

Make notifications

Collect more detailed information

Launch epidemiologic investigation, as needed

Activate response teams, as needed

INFORMATICS (13 decks)

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