week 1 (exam 1) Flashcards
What are the core functions and essential services of public health?
(Imagine as a wheel with the center of the wheel being research)
Assessment-monitor health, diagnosed investigate
Policy development-inform educate and empower, mobilize community partnerships, develop policies
Assurance-enforce laws, link to/provide care, assurance competent workforce, evaluate program effectiveness
Research -serving all functions for new innovative solutions to health problems
In general what is the purpose of public health
Organized efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health
Focus on population health
What kind of government agencies and other organizations are involved in the US public health system?
EPA, FDA, CDC, NIH, OSHA, DEA, USDA, US PHS, HHS, ATS, WHO, Red Cross, ALA/AHA/ADA/APAH
JOURNALS, PRIVATE RESEARCH FACILITIES/UNIVERSITIES
Describe public-health infrastructure in one word
Fragmented
US government public health infrastructure?
Federal-lead agency; DHHS–> policymaking, financing, public health protections, collecting and disseminating information, capacity building, service management
State-immunization management, infectious disease control/reporting, health education, licensing in regulating healthcare services
Local-unionization’s, food safety, restaurant inspections, community assessment and outreach, communicable disease control, health education
Compared to 1900 we…?
Live healthier and longer lives-technical and medical advances-ability to prevent and cure infectious disease with vaccinations antibiotics
Safer homes, workplace comrades
Name some of the public health challenges today
Fragmented systems
Decreasing funding
New pathogens, Bioterrorism, climate change
Chronic disease
Increased elderly population
High infant mortality
Health disparities
Informatics disciplines
All under the heading of Health
Medical
Nursing
Public health
Consumer health
In order of most influential to least influential name the determinants of population health (five major determinants influence population health)
Social/societal characteristics and total ecology
Health behaviors
Medical care
Genes and biology
Physical Environment
What shapes our nations health status?
Individual over population health
Biomedical over prevention research and services
Big business/private enterprise/free-market over healthcare for all
(emphasis on individual health, biomedical treatment, business/profit)
Define public health informatics
* know this verbatim*
Systematic application of information science, computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and learning
Both informatics and public health are interdisciplinary name the underlying disciplines for informatics and the underlying disciplines within public health
Disciplined underlying informatics-communications, organizational theory, law, management, information science, computer science, public health, political science
Disciplines with in public health-environmental, biostatistics, Health services, behavioral sciences, epidemiology
Public health informatics is more than just automating current practices
Approaches to public health informatics include?
Surveillance, communication, interventions, and evaluation
Example flu survey by Department of Health
Why PHII is growing
* know this verbatim**
1) Focus on public health reform-Institute of medicine’s 1988 report refocuses public-health on three core functions; heavily information based
2) Changes in healthcare delivery-focus on health self-management and prevention, need to reduce costs, increase quality
3) Rise of information technology-computers readily available, decreased cost, high-speed Internet
5) recognition that we need to improve our responses to current events-terrorist threats and events (anthrax) natural disasters
What two things are part of healthy people 2020
Health communication and health IT
Public health infrastructure
Define medical informatics
The use of computers for solving patient related problems
Define nursing informatics
Specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information and knowledge in nursing practice
Define consumer health informatics
Field of study that analyzes and integrates consumers need for information and preference into health information systems
What is the common goal of PHII and medical informatics
Improve health
Both use information science, computer science, and technology to improve health
Distinguish medicine from Public health
Medicine-individual disease treatment (save lives one at a time)
-Accomplishes its mission via clinical encounters
-Operates through private practices, clinics, hospitals with government direction
Public health-population, prevention, health promotion (saving lives millions at a time)
- Explores potential for prevention all along causal chain
- Operates through a government context
- Must obtain data from disparate sources to impact population health
A healthcare provider uses a program on her laptop to determine the most effective dosage to prescribe for a new medication for patient and to determine whether this drug will interact with another drop the patient is taking. This is an example of??
Medical informatics
A doctor wants to use an online tool to help determine the best treatment for his own recently diagnosed prostate cancer, but he can’t understand what to do on the site. This is an issue related to???
Consumer health informatics
You are collecting data related to all cases of high fever to monitor possible bioterrorist events in your county. Your employer has just adapted a system that automatically gets alerts of possible new cases from the emergency room’s. This example relates to?
Public health informatics
What are the four levels of standardized data ??
Level one nonelectric data-paper form
Level two-unstructured, viewable electronic data-scans of paper forms
Level III-structured, viewable electronic data-electronically entered data that cannot be computed by other systems
Level four-computable electronic data-electronically entered data that can be computed by other systems
What is aggregated clinical data and what will it help us do??
Information sharing
We want to use advocated clinical data to answer questions like
What happened patients like me, at your institution, who chose treatment A versus treatment B
Are cases of salmonella associated with consumption of raw eggs purchased from vendor a Ravinder b or both
Why is aggregated clinical data so hard to achieve?
Issue of structured versus unstructured data (lab results versus free text)
Information is often-incomplete (PHM), uncertain (actual demographic information), imprecise( pain,sick), vague (Big bruise)
Health/medical terms can be varied-normal lab values differ by facility
Workflow is variable
What are you the information needs of Public health practitioners?
Access and monitor the health of communities
Identify emerging threats
Plan/implement public health interventions
Disseminate information
evaluate efforts
public health practitioners need access to current information that is?
Tailored to global, national, state, and local levels
High-quality
Up to date
Convenient and accessible
How do professionals seek information?
Turn to colleagues-similar to the behavior of other professionals
What are some of the barriers professionals encounter when seeking information??
Time
Setting
Staffing
Inavailability or inaccessibility ability of information
TMI
Name some resources that help you stay informed with the least amount of time expenditure
Websites/RSS feeds
Scanning relevant journals
Automated searches
Social media
Webinars
List serves
