week 1 (exam 1)

Question 0

What are the core functions and essential services of public health?

Answer 0

(Imagine as a wheel with the center of the wheel being research)

Assessment-monitor health, diagnosed investigate

Policy development-inform educate and empower, mobilize community partnerships, develop policies

Assurance-enforce laws, link to/provide care, assurance competent workforce, evaluate program effectiveness

Research -serving all functions for new innovative solutions to health problems

Question 1

In general what is the purpose of public health

Answer 1

Organized efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health

Focus on population health

Question 2

What kind of government agencies and other organizations are involved in the US public health system?

Answer 2

EPA, FDA, CDC, NIH, OSHA, DEA, USDA, US PHS, HHS, ATS, WHO, Red Cross, ALA/AHA/ADA/APAH

JOURNALS, PRIVATE RESEARCH FACILITIES/UNIVERSITIES

Question 3

Describe public-health infrastructure in one word

Answer 3

Fragmented

Question 4

US government public health infrastructure?

Answer 4

Federal-lead agency; DHHS–> policymaking, financing, public health protections, collecting and disseminating information, capacity building, service management

State-immunization management, infectious disease control/reporting, health education, licensing in regulating healthcare services

Local-unionization’s, food safety, restaurant inspections, community assessment and outreach, communicable disease control, health education

Question 5

Compared to 1900 we…?

Answer 5

Live healthier and longer lives-technical and medical advances-ability to prevent and cure infectious disease with vaccinations antibiotics

Safer homes, workplace comrades

Question 6

Name some of the public health challenges today

Answer 6

Fragmented systems

Decreasing funding

New pathogens, Bioterrorism, climate change

Chronic disease

Increased elderly population

High infant mortality

Health disparities

Question 7

Informatics disciplines

Answer 7

All under the heading of Health

Medical

Nursing

Public health

Consumer health

Question 8

In order of most influential to least influential name the determinants of population health (five major determinants influence population health)

Answer 8

Social/societal characteristics and total ecology

Health behaviors

Medical care

Genes and biology

Physical Environment

Question 9

What shapes our nations health status?

Answer 9

Individual over population health

Biomedical over prevention research and services

Big business/private enterprise/free-market over healthcare for all

(emphasis on individual health, biomedical treatment, business/profit)

Question 10

Define public health informatics

* know this verbatim*

Answer 10

Systematic application of information science, computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and learning

Question 11

Both informatics and public health are interdisciplinary name the underlying disciplines for informatics and the underlying disciplines within public health

Answer 11

Disciplined underlying informatics-communications, organizational theory, law, management, information science, computer science, public health, political science

Disciplines with in public health-environmental, biostatistics, Health services, behavioral sciences, epidemiology

Question 12

Public health informatics is more than just automating current practices
Approaches to public health informatics include?

Answer 12

Surveillance, communication, interventions, and evaluation

Example flu survey by Department of Health

Question 13

Why PHII is growing

* know this verbatim**

Answer 13

1) Focus on public health reform-Institute of medicine’s 1988 report refocuses public-health on three core functions; heavily information based
2) Changes in healthcare delivery-focus on health self-management and prevention, need to reduce costs, increase quality
3) Rise of information technology-computers readily available, decreased cost, high-speed Internet
5) recognition that we need to improve our responses to current events-terrorist threats and events (anthrax) natural disasters

Question 14

What two things are part of healthy people 2020

Answer 14

Health communication and health IT

Public health infrastructure

Question 15

Define medical informatics

Answer 15

The use of computers for solving patient related problems

Question 16

Define nursing informatics

Answer 16

Specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information and knowledge in nursing practice

Question 17

Define consumer health informatics

Answer 17

Field of study that analyzes and integrates consumers need for information and preference into health information systems

Question 18

What is the common goal of PHII and medical informatics

Answer 18

Improve health

Both use information science, computer science, and technology to improve health

Question 19

Distinguish medicine from Public health

Answer 19

Medicine-individual disease treatment (save lives one at a time)
-Accomplishes its mission via clinical encounters

-Operates through private practices, clinics, hospitals with government direction

Public health-population, prevention, health promotion (saving lives millions at a time)

• Explores potential for prevention all along causal chain
• Operates through a government context
• Must obtain data from disparate sources to impact population health

Question 20

A healthcare provider uses a program on her laptop to determine the most effective dosage to prescribe for a new medication for patient and to determine whether this drug will interact with another drop the patient is taking. This is an example of??

Answer 20

Medical informatics

Question 21

A doctor wants to use an online tool to help determine the best treatment for his own recently diagnosed prostate cancer, but he can’t understand what to do on the site. This is an issue related to???

Answer 21

Consumer health informatics

Question 22

You are collecting data related to all cases of high fever to monitor possible bioterrorist events in your county. Your employer has just adapted a system that automatically gets alerts of possible new cases from the emergency room’s. This example relates to?

Answer 22

Public health informatics

Question 23

What are the four levels of standardized data ??

Answer 23

Level one nonelectric data-paper form

Level two-unstructured, viewable electronic data-scans of paper forms

Level III-structured, viewable electronic data-electronically entered data that cannot be computed by other systems

Level four-computable electronic data-electronically entered data that can be computed by other systems

Question 24

What is aggregated clinical data and what will it help us do??

Answer 24

Information sharing

We want to use advocated clinical data to answer questions like

What happened patients like me, at your institution, who chose treatment A versus treatment B

Are cases of salmonella associated with consumption of raw eggs purchased from vendor a Ravinder b or both

Question 25

Why is aggregated clinical data so hard to achieve?

Answer 25

Issue of structured versus unstructured data (lab results versus free text)

Information is often-incomplete (PHM), uncertain (actual demographic information), imprecise( pain,sick), vague (Big bruise)

Health/medical terms can be varied-normal lab values differ by facility

Workflow is variable

Question 26

What are you the information needs of Public health practitioners?

Answer 26

Access and monitor the health of communities

Identify emerging threats

Plan/implement public health interventions

Disseminate information

evaluate efforts

Question 27

public health practitioners need access to current information that is?

Answer 27

Tailored to global, national, state, and local levels

High-quality

Up to date

Convenient and accessible

Question 28

How do professionals seek information?

Answer 28

Turn to colleagues-similar to the behavior of other professionals

Google

Question 29

What are some of the barriers professionals encounter when seeking information??

Answer 29

Time

Setting

Staffing

Inavailability or inaccessibility ability of information

TMI

Question 30

Name some resources that help you stay informed with the least amount of time expenditure

Answer 30

Websites/RSS feeds

Scanning relevant journals

Automated searches

Social media

Webinars

List serves