All Included FINAL study Informatics Flashcards
Define consumer health informatics. Define public health informatics.
Consumer health informatics-branch of informatics that studies, develops, and implements health applications for consumers
Public health informatics-systematic application of information science, computer science, and technology to public health practice, research, and learning
Link public health informatics activities to the three core areas of public health?
Assurance
Assessment
Policy development
(With research at the center of all three)
What are Boolean terms and what are their effects on a search?
Limit search-quotations, parentheses, NOT, AND (all of these make searches more specific and limit the returns)
Increase search results-OR, *, (these are less specific and will allow for more results)
What is pub med and why would you use it? What is the difference between what you would find on pub med versus Google scholar?
Pub med-database of published journal articles, to be used when you need research data from scientifically viable source
Google scholar-search engine that returns scholarly books, articles, and documents. A good starting place but not as comprehensive as pub med. May not provide recent sources but does provide fulltext
What are the advantages of going online for health information? Disadvantages?
Advantages-lots of information anonymity, fast, no travel/geographic barriers, large reach
Disadvantages-too much information, privacy, accessibility, quality
Describe the different types of ehealth tools. What is their functionality?
Health information-an Intercal part of all tools
Behavior change/health self management-help to change behaviors adopt healthier lifestyles (like my fitness pal)
Online community-social support (informal)
Decision support-computer-generated information about treatments and doctors
Disease management-record keeping/monitoring, tracking-management of a disease (diabetes)
Health care tool-DHR, that consumers can access
Describe three issues related to health behavior change website effectiveness
ATTRITION
Getting people to use it in the first place
Accessibility
What is user centered design?
Incorporating user from inception and allowing feedback from target audience at all stages
What are the stages followed for successful health website design?
Needs assessment
Motive delivery
Theoretical framework (which theory are you going to use-using Siri equals more effective)
Content
Statics (look and feel)
Evaluate (cyclical)-user input collected throughout
Define digital divide and describe the difference divides
Accessibility
Literacy
Language
Quality
How can you assess the quality of a health website?
Authority-of the sponsor and author is there a contact info
Purpose and content-is the info objective or subjective? Are the references?
Currency-when was the last revision/update?
Design and ease-of-use-clearly organized? User-friendly?
Accreditation-HON symbol
Reality check-does it make claims that are too good to be true?
What is HON? What aspects of quality does it not address?
HON-health on the net-organization that establishes a code of conduct for websites
Does not address-medical accuracy
Why do we use Theory when developing online health programs?
Theory-based interventions equal greater effects on behavior then without
Describe the trans-theoretical model
To assess an individual’s readiness to act on a healthier behavior, and provide strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual through the stages of change
List the stages of change (processes of change) that are part of the trans-theoretical model
Precontemplation-unaware of a problem
Contemplation-aware of the problem and of desired behavior change
Preparation-intent to take action
Action-practice is the desired behavior
Maintenance-works to sustain the behavior change
Termination
Conscious raising-increased awareness about a problem
Dramatic relief-experiencing negative emotions with behavior
Environmental reevaluation-assessment of negative impact of behaviors on others
can all be part of which stages of change?
Precontemplation And contemplation
Which stages of change would contain self liberation-making a firm commitment to change?
Preparation
Which stages of change with the following behaviors be found;
Helping relationships-using social support for the behavior change
Counterconditioning-substituting healthier alternative behaviors for unhealthy
Contingency management-rewarding positive changes
Stimulus control-removing cues for the negative behavior
Action and maintenance
In the social cognitive theory what are skills, outcome expectations, self-sufficiency, goals?
Skills-cognitive, physical, social, or self regulatory (self regulations, stress management)
Self efficiency-belief in one’s ability to carry out a behavior (experience practice, observation a model, getting feedback)
Outcome expectations-belief about the outcome of the behavior (persuasive communication risk and benefits)
Goals-plans that motivate behavior change (setting goals, monitoring progress)
The social cognitive theory talks about the importance of social environment and physical environment explain how these affect behavior?
Social environment-behavior change with a buddy (message boards for support)
Physical environment-increasing ability of healthy behavior (avoiding places that are triggers)
Describe the methods used to increase self-efficacy according to social cognitive theory?
Practicing the task
Observe a model
get feedback
reduce anxiety
Describe how online programs have incorporated social cognitive theory
Setting a quick date
Making a plan
Journaling
Asking expert
Providing information
Videos of success stories
And simulations
What is reciprocal determinism?
Environment, behavior, individual factors incorrect-multiple avenues to influence behavior
Define the theory of planned behavior
Behavior is governed by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control
What is the greatest predictor of engaging in a behavior?
Intent or plan to engage in the behavior
What are social norms and how do they affect behavior?
The customary rules that govern groups and societies
Affect behavior by stating that certain behaviors are appropriate or inappropriate
What are subjective norms?
Perceived social pressure to engage or not engage in a behavior
What is perceived behavioral control?
Perceptions of one’s ability to perform a given behavior
What is intention?
A plan or intention to do something
Describe the elaboration likelihood model
Explains how people process information; forms the basis for message tailoring
In the elaboration likelihood model what is the difference between central processing and peripheral processing?
Central-personally relevant info is more deeply processed, retained longer, and LinkedIn during behavior change
Peripheral-more superficial processing (attractiveness of message source)
In the elaboration likelihood model explaining what tailoring is?
Any combination of information or change strategy is intended to reach one specific person based on their unique characteristics and derived from an individual assessment
In the elaboration likelihood model what are tailoring variables ,message libraries , and algorithms?
Tailoring variables-age, gender, readiness to change, barriers
Message library-files containing all graphics and images for a tailored communication
Algorithm-messages delivered based on different user responses (the more variables you Taylor on, the more messages you will need to create)
Explain the steps of the tailoring process (in reference to the elaboration likelihood model)
Determine tailoring variables
Create a message library
Determine algorithm
Administer individual assessment
Create tailored message based on responses
What are some common problems faced by low literacy users in the search for and read online information? How does their online reading differ from high literacy users?
Common problems-difficulty navigating and searching, difficulty understanding, having to read every word
High literacy- scan/skim content quickly fast and efficient
Flesh reading ease score
The larger the score/number the easier to read
The score is based on words per sentence and number of syllables per word
Flesch-Kincaid grade level
Rough measure of how many years of schooling it would take understand the content
The higher the grade level the more difficult it is to read the content
Describe different strategies that can be used to get user input during the development phase of an online intervention
Interviews
Focus groups
Surveys
Card sorting
Usability studies
Process/outcome evaluations
Why is card sorting used? Describe the process of doing card sorting
Card sorting is used to create the proper/logical architecture for the website program
People categorize what areas they would expect to find and where
What is usability? What are the five components of usability?
The quality of the users experience while interacting with your product
Components;
Learn ability-knowing what to do next
Efficiency
Memorability
Errors
Satisfaction
Define interactivity
Degree of response, activity, or initiative available to the user when using the website
How do we add interactivity to a website?
Tracking
Hyperlinks
Video
Ask an expert
Discussion boards
Games
Quizzes
Feedback
What do we learn from process evaluation? Outcome evaluation?
Process evaluation-examines the implementation and utilization of the program; used to establish the validity of outcome testing (traces number of logins, amount of time using the program, effectiveness of cues)
Outcome evaluation-examines the effect of the program
What is health 2.0?
Movement characterized by online interactivity, participation and collaboration.
Include social media, patient to Dr. communications, population health management, wellness, use of sensors and devices
What are examples of social networking sites? What purpose do they serve?
Websites that allow users to set up communications with others,
used for information sharing, discussion, and creating a present for an organization
Examples-Facebook
Patients like me
Define M health? How has text messaging been used in a health context?
Delivery of health programs and information via mobile devices
Used for appointment, education, behavior modification, medication refill reminders, emergency notifications
(text messaging component increases the effectiveness of Web behavior change programs the most effective change you can make!!)
Define gamification
Understand what gaming brings to health application
Application of game elements and digital game design to problems such as health
Giving concepts-why people play games and elements of games
Intrinsic motivation-playing because you want to
Extrinsic motivation-playing for rewards (overtime this is less motivating)
Skill-you want to use or develop skills
Social components-games are different based upon who is playing
Varality-you want to Share it
(Future gamification and health apps unknown)
Describe unintended consequences of Internet use
Computer, cognitive, emotional, social, physical and preventative strategies
Computer-time, access, money, viruses, spam, phishing , ID theft
Cognitive-TMI, availability of this information can lead to delay in seeking treatment
Psycho social-cyber bullying, especially porn and sexual solicitation
Physical-problems with Chris, eyes, neck, hips, headaches
Prevention strategies-use anti-spyware, software/firewalls, monitor your children’s online presence and activities, maintain correct posture
Describe correct posture for working at the desk
Eyes up
Wrists not bent
Lower back support
Hips higher the knees
Knees over ankles
Feet flat on floor
What is a widget
Standalone application that can be embedded into another site, such as a blog
Host does not control the content
Define social media
Group of Internet-based applications that allow users to generate content
Define blog
Online diary used for education and information sharing as well as generating discussions
What is a microblog
Allows short posts (like Twitter)
What are media sharing tools
Allows users to upload video or photos (an example would be YouTube)
What is quantified self movement?
Collaboration of users and makers of self tracking technology
What are citizen scientists
Scientific research conducted by amateur or nonprofessional scientists often by crowdsourcing or crowdfunding
Define crowdsourcing
Obtaining services, ideas, or content from a large group of people
Viruses/worms?
Malicious programs spread via email or downloads, use up all the memory and can delete or corrupt data
Define spam
Unsolicited email messages
What is phishing?
Email or pop-ups that lure personal or financial info from users
Explain identity theft
When someone uses your personal information without permission to commit fraud
Explain cyber bullying
Use of electronic communication to bully a person
What is netiquette
Proper etiquette to use on the net
For instance don’t use all capitals and use emoticons to avoid misunderstandings
