Week 2 - Cellular Organisation I Flashcards
Key Structure and Function of Cells
What are the 2 different types of cell fluids
Intracellular (ICF) and Extracellular (ECF)
What is 10^-3
mm
What is 10^-6
μm (micrometre)
What does μm mean
Micro Metre
What is 10^-9
nm (Nano Metre)
What is 10^3
km
What are the 5 main Components of the Cell Surface
Plasma Membrane, Structure/Function, Glycocalyx, Surface Extensions, Junctions
What are the 3 main Components of the Cell Interior
Cytoskeleton, Organelles, Inclusions
What are the 3 Components of a Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, Microtubules
Are Organelles Living or Not Living
Living
What are the 2 forms of Inclusions
Foreign Bodies, Stored Cellular Products
Are Inclusions always non living
No, Bacteria is Living
What is a Foreign Body (Cell Interior)
Things inside the cell that shouldn’t be there
What are some examples of Stored Cellular Products (Cell Interior)
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats
What are some examples of Foreign Bodies
Bacteria, Viruses, Dust
What is the Mitochondria, The Nucleus, and Golgi Apparatus all a part of
Organelles
Name the 5 Different Types of Passive Cellular Transport
Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Filtration, Osmosis, Tonicity
What are the 2 different Types Cellular Transport
Passive, Active
What are the 2 different Types of Active Cellular Transport
Na+/K+ Pump, Vesicular Transport
What are the 4 types of Vesicular Transport
Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Endocytosis, Exocytosis
What is a Concentration Gradient
the process of particles, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles
What type of Cellular Transport Travels down the Concentration Gradient
Passive
What type of Cellular Transport Travels up the Concentration Gradient
Active
What is the Energy Molecule called used in Active Cellular Transport
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Cell Theory States that all Living Things are Made up of…
Cells
What is the smallest unit of life
Cells
All cells come from…
Pre-Existing Cells
Where does all the Vital Functions of an Organism Occur
Within the Cell
Where is hereditary Information Stored
Contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell
What is Cytology
Study of Cells
When were the first Microscopes
1630’s
What are the Major Components of a Cell
Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Organelles, Inclusions
What makes up Cytoplasm
Cytosol, Organelles, Cytoskeleton, Inclusions
How many kinds of Cells in the Human Body
Around 200
Why do Human Cells vary in Abundance, Shape and Size
They relate to their Function in the body
What are the 8 Components of Cell Physiology
Connect Body Parts, Line Body Organs, Transport Gases, Move Organs/Body Parts, Store Nutrients, Fight Disease, Gather Information and Control Body Function, Reproduction
Can cells gather information on whether or not something within is Foreign or Self
Yes
What is the Plasma Membrane
The Outer Boundary of the Cell
What is the Plasma Membrane Made up of
Phospholipid Bilayer Membrane
What is the Control Centre of the Cell
Nucleus
What is contained inside the Nucleus
DNA, RNA
What is usually the Largest Organelle
Nucleus
What is the Jelly Like Substance inside the Cell
Cytosol (Not Cytoplasm)
What is a Cytoskeleton
Supportive Framework of Filaments and Tubules
What are Organelles
Diverse Structures Performing METABOLIC Tasks for the Cell
What is Cytosol
Intracellular Fluid, Clear thin Gel embedding other Internal Components
What are Body Fluids used for
Transport Nutrients or Expel Waste from Cells
What Percentage of your BODY WEIGHT is Water Weight
60%
What Percentage of your BODY WEIGHT is Intracellular Fluid
40%
What Percentage of your BODY WEIGHT is Extracellular Fluid
20%
What are the 2 types of Extracellular Fluid
Interstitial, Intravascular
What is Interstitial Fluid
Fluid Between the Cells (e.g. Tissues)
What is Intravascular Fluid
Inside Blood Vessels (e.g. Plasma)
What is the most common Measurement when looking at Cells
μm (micrometre)
What is the smallest size the Naked Eye can see
around 100μm
How big are Most Cells
Around 10-15μm Wide
What is the Longest Human Cell
Nerve Cells
Can you see the Longest Human Cells with your Naked Eye
No, you cannot see Nerve Cells
Why are Cells Small
To Support Diffusion and Metabolism
What Activities Happen at the Cell Surface Level
Binding of Signal Molecules, Stimulation of Cellular Activity, Attachment of Cells to each other, Transport of materials into and out of cells
What part of the Plasma Membrane is Hydrophilic
Phospholipid Heads
What part of the Plasma Membrane is Hydrophobic
Phospholipid Tails
If Fluid is not able to travel through the Plasma Membrane due to the Hydrophobic Phospholipid Tails, how does it get through
Protein Membrane Channels
What do the Phospholipid Heads Face
Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid
Why is Cholesterol Important in the Plasma Membrane
Structure and Integrity of the Phospholipid Bilayer
What is the Layer of the Plasma Membrane Called
Phospholipid Bilayer
What do Carbohydrate Chains do
Recognise Foreign or Self things and send signals to the Immune System
What are the 6 Membrane Proteins
Receptors, Enzyme, Channel, Gated Channel, Cell-Identity Marker, Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAM)
What is the Receptor Protein Membrane for
Absorbing Chemical Messengers and Telling the Cell to do something
What is the Enzyme Protein Membrane for
Breaks down the Chemical Messengers that the Receptor would absorb
What is the Channel Protein Membrane for
Stays constantly open allowing for Solutes to pass
What is the Gated Channel Protein Membrane for
Open and closes allowing for Solutes to pass only at certain times
What is the Cell Identity Marker Protein Membrane
A Glycoprotein, that recognises Foreign and Self Cells
What is the Cell-Adhesion Molecule Protein Membrane for
Binds Cell to Cell
What is the Glycocalyx
“Sugar Coating” of the Cell
What does sugar in the body refer to
Carbohydrates
What is the “Sugar Coating” of the Cell called
Glycocalyx
What does the Glycocalyx connect too on the cell
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins
What are the 3 functions of the Glycocalyx
Cell Adhesion Molecules (prevents tissues falling apart), Cushions Plasma Membrane (protection), Identifies Self and Foreign Substances
What are the 2 main Cell Surface Extensions
Microvilli, Cilia
What is Microvilli
A Surface Extension
What is Cilia
A Surface Extension
What are the functions of Microvilli
Increased Surface area allows for more absorption, as well as some sensory roles
What are some examples of Microvilli
Absorption: Epithelial Cells of the Small Intestine
Sensory: Taste Buds & Inner Ear
What are the functions and characteristics of Cilia
Thin hair-like extensions allow for movement
What are some Examples of Cilia
found in the Mucous Membrane of the Respiratory Tract and Uterine Tubes
What is the tail like extension
Flagella
What is the cell that grows “feet”
Pseudopods
What is a pseudopod
an extension to a cell that grows feet, usually to engulf something
What is a Pseudopod made out of
Cytoplasm
What are the 3 Cellular Junctions
Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, Gap Junctions
What is the Apical Surface of a Cell
The right way up / upper part of the cell
What is the Basement Surface of a Cell
Upside down / lower part of the cell
Where do Tight Junctions Bind
Apical Surface
What Cellular Junction binds at the Apical Surface
Tight Junctions
What is a unique characteristic of tight junctions
Nothing can get in between the cells
What is the Anchoring Cellular Junction
Desmosomes
What are the Tunnel like Cellular Junctions
Gap Junctions
Where is a common place to find Gap Junctions
Cardiac Muscle
What role do the Phospholipids Serve in the Plasma Membrane
They keep it Viable and Moving, and allows specific things in and out
