week 2 - Biopsychosocial model

Question 1

Simplistic Ideas of Abnormality

Answer 1

-Sin/Possession/loss of spirituality
-Personal choice
-Upbringing/parental model
-Stress
-Neurochemical imbalance
-Trauma model

Question 2

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 2

A number of risk factors contribute to developing mental illness. Once a mental health problem sets in, it creates a whole series of others problems in life. Left unchecked, can spiral and create a whole cluster of problems that create more risk factors.
-If a problem develops, there is no certainty what problem it may create.

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

average person has 22 chromosomes, provides programming for brain and body development
-do not determine behaviour, but influence.
genes function in conjunction with the environment

Question 4

Gene-Environmental correlation model

Answer 4

We do not passively interact with our environment. It is created and changed through our genes, environment similarly influences our genetic expression

Question 5

Molecular genetics

Answer 5

Investigates the structure, function, and interaction of genes on a molecular level

Question 6

Behavioural genetics

Answer 6

investigates the relative genetic and environmental contribution to the development of psychopathology.

Question 7

Epigenetics

Answer 7

Our environmental experience can turn genes off and on. A gene that gets turned on can be passed onto the next generation

Question 8

Prenatal influences

Answer 8

Infants are most susceptible in the 1st trimester because this is a period of rapid differentiation and growth.
-maternal nutrition
-maternal age
-maternal disease
-maternal emotional stress

Question 9

poor maternal nutrition

Answer 9

kids who are often malnourished prenatally have a lower birth rate, are born smaller, and may have cognitive impairment.

Question 10

what is the optimal maternal age

Answer 10

21-29 years

Question 11

Maternal Disease

Answer 11

infectious diseases
-rubella
-syphilis
-herpes
-tuberculosis
-pneumonia
-mumps
non-infectious
-genetics

Question 12

why is maternal emotional stress bad

Answer 12

Increased levels of adrenaline and cortisone can pass through the placental barrier exposing the levels of cortisol in a fetus and can decrease the amount of oxygen the fetus has access to.

Question 13

drugs

Answer 13

All drugs that affect the mother’s nervous system will pass through the placenta

Question 14

Thalidomide

Answer 14

a drug prescribed to pregnant women in the first trimester that created birth defects

Question 15

Depressants (pre-natal)

Answer 15

cause low birth weight, retarded motor development, heart defects, physical abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, and addiction

Question 16

Anoxia

Answer 16

Lack of oxygen during birth, CNS is very sensitive to this and may result in cognitive problems or intellectual disability

Question 17

malnutrition post-natally can cause..

Answer 17

Korsakoff’s disease

Question 18

Chronic stress

Answer 18

Chronic stress causes neurological damage. Proportion is very large for severe intellectual disabilities, moderate for ADHD, dementia, learning disabilities, APD

Question 19

Resilience to stress

Answer 19

those who are vulnerable to stress tend to be at a higher risk for mental disorders

Question 20

Good intellect

Answer 20

often able to reflect on problems a bit better, those who are less insightful struggle

Question 21

Attractiveness

Answer 21

attractive people typically have larger support systems, people associate positive personality traits and goodness to attractive people.

Question 22

Neglect

Answer 22

can result in long-term intellectual and social impairment

Question 23

lack of rules/consistency

Answer 23

risk factor for delinquency and drug abuse.
-most are associated with divorced parents

Question 24

Loss of a parent is a risk factor for

Answer 24

anxiety and depression
-a greater impact on boys, loss of income, most are associated with divorce

Question 25

physical abuse is a risk factor for

Answer 25

criminality, aggression, depression, anxiety, physical abuse of own children

Question 26

sexual abuse

Answer 26

depression, anxiety, PTSD, somatoform disorders, eating disorders, drug abuse, dissociative disorder, sexual and marital dysfunction.
-boys abused are more likely to become offenders
-girls abused are more likely to have children that are abused

Question 27

why is overly protective parenting bad?

Answer 27

models to child that the world is a scary place and they need to be protected
-anxiety disorders

Question 28

What are protective factors of parenting?

Answer 28

nurturing children
disciplined upbringing
stable parenting

Question 29

parental modelling

Answer 29

the way we teach our children to deal with the world is how we deal with the world
-spousal abuse
-drug abuse
-mental illness
-criminality

Question 30

stressors

Answer 30

the more frequent and more severe stressors are the more likely a mental disorder will develop

Question 31

equifinality

Answer 31

number of different pathways that can lead to a psychological disorder