Mood Disorders Flashcards
What is sadness and what are the benefits and costs of sadness?
Sadness is culturally defined as an appropriate response in a given culture
- Sadness improves attention to detail, accuracy of memory, the ability to detect deception, improves interpersonal strategies, and promotes generosity
- Sadness decreases the ability to task switch, decreases motivation, patience, playfulness, and is related to poor financial decisions
What is depression?
A response that is prolonged and not expected in a given culture. Depression changes for each individual depending on personal and family values.
What is mania
A state of extreme hyperactivity
What is unipolar depression?
A state marked by a sad/low state
What is bipolar disorder?
A fluctuation between depressive states and manic or hypomanic states on a cyclical basis
Unipolar Depression Features (lifetime prevalence, highest in, onset, likelihood recovery)
Lifetime Prevalence: 20-30%
-More likely in females and low SES, chronically ill, under 65, children have same ratio.
-Average onset 19.
-About 85% will recover with treatment, 35-55% will recover without treatment
-If you experience one depressive episode, the likelihood of experiencing another increases by 50%
What is Major Depressive Disorder
A severe pattern of disruption that is disabling and impacts someone’s life. A presence of major depressive episode with no pattern of mania and is recurrent.
-seems to have learning component, more likely in people who have close relatives with MDD
Specifiers of Major Depressive Disorder
-SAD: seasonal affective disorder (winter)
-Catatonia: Excessive or no motor movement
-Melancholia: don’t experience pressure out of anything
-Peri-partum: during or within 4 weeks of birth
-Post-partum: 4 weeks or longer after birth
-Psychotic-depression: Independent of schizoaffective, but hallucinations and psychosis
Major Depressive Disorder Checklist
2 week period where a person displays increased depressed mood for the majority of each day and 3/4 of following symptoms
-weight or appetite change
-insomnia or hyposomnia
-daily agitation or decrease in motor activity
-daily fatigue or lethargy
-feelings of worthlessness or excess guilt
-reduction in concentration or decisiveness
-repeated focus on death or suicide
Persistent depressive disorder
symptoms last for at least 2 years and are not absent for more than 2 months at a time
-Dysthymia: persistent low-level mood
-Double depression: major episodes accompanying dsythmia
Mood disorders
-Unipolar depression
-Bipolar disorder
-Major depressive disorder
Manic Episode and symptoms
For one week or more, person displays a continually abnormal, inflated, unrestrained, or irritable mood as well as continually heightened energy or activity for most of every day with at least 3 of
-grandiosity
-reduced need for sleep
-rapidly shifting ideas
-attention pulled many directions
-heightened activity
-excessive pursuit of risk and problematic activities
Hypomanic episode
subthreshold is less severe than a manic episode, tend to be really productive during this time
Bipolar Disorders (4)
Bipolar I: full manic and depressive states
Bipolar II: Full depressive state and hypomanic episodes
Cyclothimia: Low levels of depression and low levels of mania
Rapid cycling: four or more mood cycles in a year
MAOI’s (type, effect, side effects)
Antidepressant
Blocks monoamine in the synapse. Acts on serotonin, dopamince, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
-limits diet
